Chapter 13 review questions 18 Polysynaptic reflexes can

The Brain (material from and inspired by Chapter 14) • How have brain structures’

Understanding a region of the brain: the example of Phineas Gage © 2015 Pearson

Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area Example of Broca’s aphasia: person says, "Book book two

Corpus callosum (clinical note, p. 488) • The corpus callosum was sometimes cut as

Cortical maps of body (motor & sensory) Image: merckmanuals. com © 2015 Pearson Education,

BRIEF summary of brain structures/functions Structure Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Temporal lobe Occipital lobe

BRIEF summary of the 12 cranial nerves Number (Roman Name of nerve numeral) 1

Cranial nerve mnemonic #1: nerve names © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Number Saying 1

Cranial nerve mnemonic #2: sensory, motor, or both? © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Number

Cranial Nerve Mnemonic #3: functions http: //www. noteflight. com/scores/view/7 dc 90 d 51 c

Processing sensory info • Recall earlier slides about synapses between neurons, tracts connecting parts

Processing sensory info: responding to bright light • Background info on the eye (10

Processing of sensory info: responding to bright light © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. http:

Processing sensory info: responding to bright light © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Processing sensory info: localizing sounds in space • Background info on the ear (10

Processing sensory info: localizing sounds in space image: www. d. umn. edu/~jfitzake/ © 2015

Processing sensory info: localizing sounds in space © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Negative feedback and the brain • Review: what is negative feedback? • Today’s examples

Pons/medulla: control of breathing rate © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Hypothalamus: control of hydration © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Hypothalamus: control of temperature 10 th Martini, Figure 1 -3! © 2015 Pearson Education,

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Chapter 13 review questions 18. Polysynaptic reflexes can produce far more complicated responses than can monosynaptic reflexes because (a) the response time is quicker (b) the response is initiated by highly sensitive receptors (c) motor neurons carry impulses at a faster rate than so sensory neurons (d) the interneurons involved can control several muscle groups 30. Bowel and urinary bladder control involve spinal reflex arcs that are located in the sacral region of the spinal cord. In both instances, two sphincter muscles – an inner sphincter muscle of smooth muscle and an outer sphincter of skeletal muscle – control the passage of wastes (feces and urine) out of the body. How would a transection of the spinal cord at the L 1 segment level affect an individual’s bowel and bladder control? © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

The Brain (material from and inspired by Chapter 14) • How have brain structures’ functions been discovered? • Summary of brain parts and cranial nerves • Processing sensory info: examples • • Responding to bright light Localizing sounds in space • Negative feedback and the brain: examples • Medulla/pons • Hypothalamus © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area Example of Broca’s aphasia: person says, "Book book two table, " meaning, "There are two books on the table. " Example of Wernicke’s aphasia: person says, "You know that smoodle pinkered and that I want to get him round and take care of him like you want before. “ Meaning: ? ? © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Source: http: //www. nidcd. nih. gov/health/voice/pages/aphasia. aspx

Corpus callosum (clinical note, p. 488) • The corpus callosum was sometimes cut as a treatment for severe epilepsy. Consequences? © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. David Wolman, “Split brain: a tale of two halves, ” Nature 2012

BRIEF summary of brain structures/functions Structure Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Temporal lobe Occipital lobe Cerebellum Pons Medulla Major functions (partial list) Superior colliculus Inferior colliculus Corpus callosum Thalamus Hypothalamus (from lab quiz study guide) © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

BRIEF summary of the 12 cranial nerves Number (Roman Name of nerve numeral) 1 (I) 2 (II) 3 (III) 4 (IV) 5 (V) 6 (VI) 7 (VII) 8 (VIII) 9 (IX) 10 (X) 11 (XI) 12 (XII) © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Sensory, Motor, or Type of information Both?

Cranial nerve mnemonic #2: sensory, motor, or both? © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Number Saying 1 Some 2 Say 3 “Money 4 Matters” 5 But 6 My 7 Brother 8 Says 9 “Big 10 Brains 11 Matter 12 More!” Sensory, Motor, Both?

Cranial Nerve Mnemonic #3: functions http: //www. noteflight. com/scores/view/7 dc 90 d 51 c 8730 d 5 c 36 f 51 d 18 aa 774 fbf 5 b 844 ac 9 Nerves correspond to notes 1 (lowest) to 12 (highest). Nerves 7 & 9 are grouped together; so are nerves 3, 4, & 6. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Processing sensory info • Recall earlier slides about synapses between neurons, tracts connecting parts of the brain with each other, cranial nerves coming into and out of the brain…. • Examples of the brain processing sensory info: • Responding to bright light • Localizing sounds in space © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Negative feedback and the brain • Review: what is negative feedback? • Today’s examples • Pons/medulla: control of breathing rate • Hypothalamus: control of hydration & temperature © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.