Chapter 13 Reproduction and Sexually Transmitted Diseases Copyright

Chapter 13 Reproduction and Sexually Transmitted Diseases Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 1

Lesson 13. 1 1. State the function of reproduction, and analyze associated 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. terms. Write the meaning of the word parts associated with reproduction, and use them to build analyze terms. Select the correct terms to match descriptions of fertilization, implantation, and growth of the embryo. Define or select the correct meanings of terms related to pregnancy, labor, and the newborn. Write the names of the diagnostic tests and procedures used to monitor reproduction when given descriptions of the procedures, or match the procedures with their descriptions. Write the names of reproductive pathologies when given their descriptions, or match them with their descriptions. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 2

Terminology: Reproduction gonads gamete: ooblast, ovum, spermatoblast, spermatozoon ovulation zygote, embryo fetus, fetal Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 3

Stages Between Fertilization and Implantation Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 4

Word Parts: Reproduction gonad(o) -tropin o(o) spermat(o) -blast gonad that which stimulates ovum sperm embryonic or immature Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 5

Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 6

Combining Forms: Reproduction (cont. ) amni(o) chori(o) fet(o) amnion chorion fetus Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 7

Terminology: Pregnancy pregnancy, gestation prenatal, postnatal obstetrics, obstetrician quickening trimester, parturition Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 8

Word Parts: Pregnancy nat(o) par(o) pseudo-cyesis birth bearing offspring false pregnancy Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 9

Terminology: Pregnancy (cont. ) gravid = pregnant gravida = pregnant woman gravida I, gravida III, etc. primigravida = gravida I multigravida Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 10

Terminology: Pregnancy (cont. ) para I, II, etc. = # pregnancies resulting in live births -para a female who has given birth Ø primipara Ø bipara Ø tripara Ø nullipara Ø multipara Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 11

Terminology: Pregnancy (cont. ) amniorrhexis dilation, dilatation effacement postpartum, antenatal, antepartum Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 12

Labor Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 13

Diagnostic Tests and Procedures (cont. ) human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) pelvimetry, cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) chorionic villus sampling fetoscope, fetal heart rate (FHR) electronic fetal monitor (EFM) From Seidel HM, Ball JW, Dains JE, Benedict GW: Mosby’s guide to physical examination, ed 6, St Louis, 2006, Mosby. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 14

Urine Pregnancy Test From Bonewit-West K: Clinical procedures for medical assistants, ed 7, St Louis, 2008, Saunders. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 15

Fetal Sonography A From Curry RA, Tempkin BB: Sonography: introduction to normal structure and function, St. Louis, 2004, Saunders. C From Rumack CM, Wilson SR, Charboneau JW, and Levine D: Diagnostic Ultrasound, ed 4, 2011. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 16

Amniocentesis Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 17

Chorionic Villus Sampling From Moore KL, Persaud TVN: The developing human, ed 8, Philadelphia, 2008, Saunders. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 18

Terminology: Pathologies ectopic pregnancy, extrauterine pregnancy preeclampsia, proteinuria, eclampsia Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 19

Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 20

From Zitelli BJ, Davis HW: Atlas of pediatric physical diagnosis, ed 5, St Louis, 2007, Mosby. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 21

Terminology: Pathologies (cont. ) stillbirth dystocia hemolytic disease of the newborn, erythroblastosis fetalis Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 22

Fetal Presentations Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 23

Quick Quiz! What is sampled in chorionic villus sampling? a piece of the fetus B. a piece of the placenta C. amniotic fluid D. the mother’s womb A. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 24

Lesson 13. 2 7. Match reproductive surgical and therapeutic interventions with descriptions of the interventions, or write the names when given their descriptions. 8. Match sexually transmitted diseases with their characteristics, or write the names of the diseases when given their descriptions. 9. Use word parts from this chapter to determine the meaning of terms in a health care report. 10. Spell the terms accurately. 11. Pronounce the terms correctly. 12. Write the meanings of the abbreviations. 13. Categorize terms as anatomy, diagnostic test or procedure, pathology, surgery, or therapy. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 25

Surgical and Therapeutic Interventions amniotomy oxytocin episiotomy laparotomy, laparorrhaphy Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 26

Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 27

Intrauterine Device, Oral Contraceptives From Zakus S: Mosby’s clinical skills for medical assistants, ed 4, St. Louis, 2001, Mosby. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 28

Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 29

Surgical and Therapeutic Interventions (cont. ) tubal ligation, tubal ligation reversal basectomy, vasostomy in vitro fertilization (IVF) abortion, elective or spontaneous Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 30

Laparoscopic Tubal Ligation Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 31

Quick Quiz! What does the abbreviation BBT stand for? basal body time B. basic baby temperature C. baby’s base temperature D. basal body temperature A. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 32

Sexually Transmitted Diseases STD, venereal disease (VD) can be bacterial, viral, protozoan, or fungal disease Ø bacterial STDs • gonorrhea: gonococcus • syphilis • chlamydia • chancroid • nongonococcal urethritis Ø Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 33

Gonorrhea A From Morse S, Moreland A, Homes K, eds: Atlas of sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS, London, 1996, Mosby-Wolfe. B From Forbes BA, Sahm DF, Weissfeld AS: Bailey & Scott’s diagnostic microbiology, ed 10, St Louis, 1998, Mosby. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 34

Syphilis B From Forbes BA, Sahm DF, Weissfeld AS: Bailey & Scott’s diagnostic microbiology, ed 12, St Louis, 2007, Mosby, Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 35

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (cont. ) syphilis Venereal Disease Research Laboratories rapid plasma reagin neurosyphilis, congenital syphilis Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 36

Diagnosis of Bacterial STDs gonorrhea Ø Gram stain and culture syphilis darkfield microscopic exam of chancre material (or material from gummas, if in late stage) Ø blood test: rapid plasma reagin (RPR) Ø chlamydiosis Gram stain of discharges Ø sometimes cultures Ø direct fluorescent antibody tests, enzyme immunoassay, DNA amplification Ø Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 37

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (cont. ) viral STDs: genital herpes = herpes genitalis Ø herpes simplex virus (HSV 2) Ø genital warts Ø hepatitis A, B, C, D, E Ø AIDS Ø Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 38

Herpes Simplex Virus, Type 2 Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 39

Condyloma Acuminatum (Genital Warts) Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 40

Diagnosis of Viral STDs genital herpes history and physical examination Ø cultures: most accurate within 48 hours of first breakout Ø genital warts appearance of lesions; pap smear checks for cervical dysplasia Ø swab specimens test for DNA sequence Ø hepatitis serum enzyme levels Ø liver biopsy Ø serologic tests Ø Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 41

Diagnosis of Viral STDs (cont. ) AIDS = disease; virus is HIV Ø several tests • HIV-antibody positive is reported when blood is reactive in all of several tests Ø HIV-specific antibody test • can be falsely negative Ø enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) • If positive, diagnosis is confirmed by more sophisticated tests, such as immunofluorescent assay (IFA). Ø Many lab tests monitor the disease. • biopsy of Kaposi sarcoma for HIV presence Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 42

Kaposi Sarcoma From Noble J, ed: Textbook of primary care medicine, ed 3, St Louis, 2001, Mosby. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 43

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (cont. ) protozoal: trichomoniasis Ø fungal: candidiasis, vulvovaginitis, Monilia, moniliasis Ø diagnosed by microscopic examination of body fluid pubic lice Ø diagnosed by physical examination Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 44

Quick Quiz! Which two methods of contraception are the most successful and next successful at protection from STDs? intrauterine device and condoms B. condoms and oral contraceptives C. oral contraceptives and intrauterine device D. abstinence and condoms A. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 45

Abbreviations LMP OB BBT CPD CS or C-section EDD Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 46

Abbreviations (cont. ) EFM FHR G h. CG, HCG IUD IVF TPAL Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 47

Abbreviations (cont. ) HBV, HCV, HDV HIV HPV HSV-2 DFA Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 48

Abbreviations (cont. ) AIDS RPR STD VD VDRL GC Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 49