Chapter 13 Organic Compounds with oxygen and Sulfur
- Slides: 11
Chapter 13 Organic Compounds with oxygen and Sulfur 13. 5 Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones 1
Physical Properties • The polar carbonyl group provides dipole-dipole interactions. + - C=O • Without an H on the oxygen, aldehydes and ketones cannot form hydrogen bonds. 2
Boiling Points Aldehydes and ketones have • polar carbonyl groups (C=O). + - C=O • attractions between polar groups. + - C=O • higher boiling points than alkanes and ethers of similar mass. • lower boiling points than alcohols of similar mass. 3
Comparison of Boiling Points 58 4
Solubility in Water The electronegative O atom of the carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones forms hydrogen bonds with water. 5
Learning Check Indicate if each is soluble or insoluble in water. A. CH 3—CH 2—CH 3 B. CH 3—CH 2—OH O || C. CH 3—CH 2—C—H O || D. CH 3—C—CH 3 6
Solution Indicate if each is soluble or insoluble in water. A. CH 3—CH 2—CH 3 insoluble B. CH 3—CH 2—OH soluble O || C. CH 3—CH 2—C—H soluble O || D. CH 3—C—CH 3 soluble 7
Tollens’ Test In Tollens’ test, • Tollens’ reagent, which contains Ag+, oxidizes aldehydes, but not ketones. • Ag+ is reduced to metallic Ag, which appears as a “mirror” in the test tube. 8
Benedict’s Test In the Benedict’s test, • Benedict’s reagent, which contains Cu 2+, reacts with aldehydes that have an adjacent OH group. • An aldehyde is oxidized to a carboxylic acid, while Cu 2+ is reduced to give red Cu 2 O(s). 9
Learning Check Write the structure and name of the oxidized product when each is mixed with Tollens’ reagent. A. butanal B. acetaldehyde C. ethyl methyl ketone 10
Solution A. butanal O || CH 3—CH 2—C—OH butanoic acid B. acetaldehyde O || CH 3—C—OH acetic acid C. ethyl methyl ketone None. Ketones are not oxidized by Tollen’s reagent. 11
- Charring test of organic and inorganic compounds
- Purification and characterization of organic compounds
- Organic compounds such as proteins and starches are too
- Metabolic changes of drugs and related organic compounds
- All organic compounds contain carbon and ________.
- Venn diagram ionic and covalent compounds
- Water soluble vitamins absorption
- Vitamin classification chart
- Four types of organic compounds
- Decomposition of organic matter equation
- Organic compound combustion
- Organic compounds made by living things