Chapter 13 Objectives v Calculate intravenous flow rate
Chapter 13 Objectives v Calculate intravenous flow rate, time, and volume v Calculate amount infused versus amount remaining to be infused v Use the language that is used for intravenous infusion
The Basics of Intravenous Fluid Administration Unit 13
Page 267 v Intravenous Overview (IV) fluids and medications are solutions that are placed directly into the blood stream via a vein. This is called infusion. v Because intravenous medications and solutions have a very quick effect, they are used for critical care situations when a patient needs medication immediately. v An IV medication may be prepared by a physician, nurse, pharmacist, or a pharmacy technician.
Page 267 v The Overview (Cont’d) following are the common abbreviations used in IV administration: Term Abbreviation Intravenous IV Piggy-back PB Drop/drops gtt/gtts Hour hr Minutes min Drops per minute gtts/min Drops per milliliter Milliliters per hour gtts/m. L/hr
Page 267 v The Overview (Cont’d) following are the common abbreviations used in IV administration: Term Water 5% dextrose water 10% dextrose water Normal saline (0. 9%) One half normal saline (0. 45%) Ringer's lactate solution Lactated Ringer's solution Abbreviation H 2 O, W D 5 W D 10 W NS ½ NS RL LR
Page 269 IV Infusion Set An IV infusion set is used to administer fluids and medications and has several parts: • a sealed plastic bag or a bottle • a drip chamber • tubing • a needle or catheter at the insertion site v Infusion or flow rates are adjusted to the desired drops per minute by a clamp on the tubing. The infusion set tracks the numbers of drops being delivered. v
Pages 269 – 270 IV Infusion Set v v To calculate the flow rate, you must know the administration set’s drop factor. In general, the following drip rates are used: • microdrip administration = 60 drops per milliliter • standard/macrodrip administration = 10, 15 or 20 drops per milliliter • blood administration = 10 drops per milliliter These are called drop factors.
Page 269 IV Infusion Set v To calculate the flow rate, you must know the administration set’s drop factor. Larger, macrodrip tubing administers a larger drop and may be used for 10 drops per milliliter, 15 drops per milliliter, or 20 drops per milliliter. • Microdrip administration = 60 drops per milliliter • Standard administration/ = 10, 15, or 20 drops/m. L macrodrip administration • Blood administration = 10 drops per milliliter
Page 270 Calculating IV Infusion Rates with a Formula v To calculate VI infusion rates with a formula Amount of fluid in milliliters (m. L) Total time of infusion in minutes x Administration set drop factor = Drops per minute
Pages 273 – 274 Modified Setup v To find the m. L/hr, use this basic formula: V t = F t = specific time in hours V = volume in milliliters (m. L) F = flow rate in milliliters per hour to the nearest whole number
Pages 275 – 276 Infusion Duration v What happens when the time is not given? V F = t t = specific time in hours V = volume in milliliters (m. L) F = flow rate in milliliters per hour to the nearest whole number
Pages 277 – 278 Calculating Total Volume v What happens when the volume is not given? tx. F = V t = specific time in hours V = volume in milliliters (m. L) F = flow rate in milliliters per hour to the nearest whole number
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