Chapter 13 Lec 3 The Circulatory System Circulatory

Chapter 13 Lec #3 The Circulatory System

Circulatory System Disorders Heart Disease • Risk factors – – – – – Quitting smoking, a healthy diet and exercise may reduce your risk of heart disease ________ Male gender Plaque in coronary Cigarette smoking artery High cholesterol Diabetes ________________ Heredity Physical inactivity ____________

Circulatory System Disorders Atherosclerosis • Starts with damage or injury to the inner layer of an artery • Fatty deposits called plaque build up in the arteries • This causes: – Blockage in artery – Less flexible vessels – ____________________

Circulatory System Disorders Hypertension • High Blood Pressure Makes the heart and blood vessels work harder Increases the chance of ________________________

Circulatory System Disorders Heart Attack • acute myocardial infarction • Interruption of oxygen supply to the heart • Causes death of the heart muscle • Leading cause of death in both men and women

Circulatory System Disorders Heart Attack • Symptoms – Chest pain – Squeezing or heavy pressure on chest – Pain that radiates down left shoulder and arm – Shortness of breath – Nausea or vomiting – Anxiety or Fainting – Lightheadedness - dizziness – Palpitations (feeling like your heart is beating too fast) – Sweating, which may be extreme

Circulatory System Disorders Stroke • Interruption of oxygen supply to the brain • Caused by: – A clot in an artery in the brain – Breakage of an artery in the brain • Causes brain cells to be deprived of _____ and die

Circulatory System Disorders Thrombosis/Embolism • __________ is the formation of a clot (thrombus) inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood • __________ occurs when an object (usually a blood clot) migrates from one part of the body (through circulation) and causes a blockage (occlusion) of a blood vessel in another part of the body

Circulatory System Disorders Hemorrhage • Hemorrhage is the medical term for bleeding the loss of blood from the body • Hemorrhage generally becomes dangerous, or even fatal, when it causes __________ (low blood volume) or hypotension (low blood pressure). • ________- a collection of blood due to internal bleeding (burse)

Circulatory System Disorders Hemophilia • A rare inherited bleeding disorder in which the blood does not clot normally • The person is missing or has low levels of certain proteins in the blood called clotting factors • Usually occurs only in ________ • They suffer prolonged bleeding even with minor injuries • Bleeding can occur internally, in joints and muscles, which causes swelling and pain

Circulatory System Disorders Anemia • A condition where there is an abnormally low number of red blood cells circulating in the body or when the blood does not have enough hemoglobin • The body's tissues are being starved of oxygen • Most common disorder of the red blood cells, affecting (~) 3. 5 million Americans • There are different kinds of anemia – _______________ – Vitamin Deficiency – _______________ – Sickle Cell Anemia

Circulatory System Disorders Anemia • A person with anemia will feel tired, weak, breathless, and dizzy • They may have a pale complexion, increased heart rate, low blood pressure, and difficulty concentrating • The severity of the symptoms is related to the severity of anemia Iron Deficiency Anemia

Circulatory System Disorders Valve Disorders • Valvular Regurgitation • Valvular stenosis – A condition in which there is a narrowing, stiffening, thickening, fusion or blockage of one or more valves of the heart.

Circulatory System Disorders Heart Murmur • A whooshing sound between the heart beats • The whoosh is an extra noise that blood makes as it flows through any of the heart's chambers or valves or even through a hole within the heart • More than half of all children have a heart murmur at some time in their lives and most of these don't mean anything is wrong

Circulatory System Disorders Heart Murmur • _______heart murmurs can occur when blood flows more rapidly through the heart - such as during physical activity or exercise, pregnancy, fever, anemia, from aging or even heart surgery • Over time, innocent heart murmurs may disappear • _______heart murmurs are caused by structural defects in the heart…. congenital heart defects, valve abnormalities, or holes in the heart • Some abnormal defects can be treated with medicines while others require surgical repair

Circulatory System Disorders Aneurysm • Localized, blood-filled dilation (bulge) of a blood vessel caused by disease or weakening of the vessel wall • Most commonly occur in arteries at the base of the brain and in the aorta • Can burst and lead to death at any time