CHAPTER 13 KEY TERMS Stomata Guard Cell Transpiration

  • Slides: 13
Download presentation
CHAPTER 13 KEY TERMS Stomata Guard Cell Transpiration Palisade Layer Spongy Layer Hormone Tropism

CHAPTER 13 KEY TERMS Stomata Guard Cell Transpiration Palisade Layer Spongy Layer Hormone Tropism Gravitropism Root Hairs Respiration Phototropism Photoperiodism Aerobic Cellular

CHAPTER 13 PLANT KINGDOM: PROCESSES

CHAPTER 13 PLANT KINGDOM: PROCESSES

FUNCTIONS OF PLANTS • Plants are living organisms • Need water, air, energy •

FUNCTIONS OF PLANTS • Plants are living organisms • Need water, air, energy • React, breathe, eat • Water movement 1. Entrance through roots • Enters through the epidermis • Root hairs: extension of the epidermis • Water moves toward middle of root by osmosis • Xylem located in middle of root 3

FUNCTIONS OF PLANTS • Water Movement 2. Transport via xylem • Water is pulled

FUNCTIONS OF PLANTS • Water Movement 2. Transport via xylem • Water is pulled up the stem by capillary action • Ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of and in opposition to external forces 3. Exit through leaves • Transpiration: exiting of water through the stomata of plants • Stomata: openings on the underside of leaves • Guard Cells: surround stomata; open and close stomata 4

FUNCTIONS OF PLANTS • Aerobic Cellular Respiration • Use oxygen to make energy the

FUNCTIONS OF PLANTS • Aerobic Cellular Respiration • Use oxygen to make energy the cell can use • Produces carbon dioxide • Gas exchange in plants • Stomata in the leaves • Lenticels in the woody parts • Epidermis of roots • Burrowing insects irrigate the ground for plants 5

FUNCTIONS OF PLANTS • Photosynthesis • Process by which plants make food (occurs in

FUNCTIONS OF PLANTS • Photosynthesis • Process by which plants make food (occurs in chloroplasts) Chlorophyll • Palisade Layer • Densely packed, rectangular cells • Spongy Layer • Loosely arranged cells 6

FUNCTIONS OF PLANTS • Photosynthesis • Requires CO 2 and H 2 O Light

FUNCTIONS OF PLANTS • Photosynthesis • Requires CO 2 and H 2 O Light • 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 Oenergy C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 7

FUNCTIONS OF PLANTS • Transport and store sugar • Sugar contains stored form of

FUNCTIONS OF PLANTS • Transport and store sugar • Sugar contains stored form of energy • Some of this sugar gets stored as starch or lipids • Plant is a source of energy for other organisms • This is known as a producer 8

FUNCTIONS OF PLANTS • Growth • Plant surroundings affect growth • Grow by mitosis

FUNCTIONS OF PLANTS • Growth • Plant surroundings affect growth • Grow by mitosis • Regions of growth: • Root tips • Vascular cambium: growth region between xylem and phloem • Cork cambium: produces cork cells to protect outside of stem 9

FUNCTIONS OF PLANTS • Hormones • Chemical substances made by plants that affect how

FUNCTIONS OF PLANTS • Hormones • Chemical substances made by plants that affect how plant tissues grow • Determine the type of cell, tell them to divide, grow, stop growing… • Ex. Auxin – produces elongation of the plant 10

PLANT RESPONSES • Tropisms • Growth response of a plant to something in its

PLANT RESPONSES • Tropisms • Growth response of a plant to something in its environment • Positive tropism: plant grows toward factor • Negative tropism: plant grows away from factor • Phototropism • Plant responds to presence of light • Usually grows toward light • Auxin: growth hormone 11

PLANT RESPONSES • Gravitropism • Plant responds to gravity • Positive – roots •

PLANT RESPONSES • Gravitropism • Plant responds to gravity • Positive – roots • Negative – stems 12

PLANT RESPONSES • Photoperiodism • Plant’s response to length of time exposed to light

PLANT RESPONSES • Photoperiodism • Plant’s response to length of time exposed to light • Determines flower production • Short-day Plants: apples, violets, poinsettias, soybeans • Long-day Plants: Lettuce, Clover, Grains • Day-neutral Plants: Hybrid roses, Dandelions, Tomatoes, Cotton 13