Chapter 13 Ending the Groups Work Slides developed
- Slides: 20
Chapter 13 Ending the Group’s Work Slides developed by Ronald W. Toseland State University of New York at Albany An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7 e Toseland Rivas © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Factors that Influence Group Endings • Open and closed membership policy • The cohesion of the group • Whether the group is a treatment of task group • Educational and socialization groups versus other forms of treatment groups An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7 e Toseland Rivas © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Planned and Unplanned Termination • Member termination – Early terminations versus later terminations – Fewer terminations in group than individual work • Group cohesion and not wanting to let down other group members An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7 e Toseland Rivas © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Factors Leading to Termination • External factors such as scheduling conflicts • Group deviancy such as being the only member with an uncontrolled psychoses • Problems in developing intimate relationships • Fear of emotional contagion An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7 e Toseland Rivas © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Factors Leading to Termination • Inability to share the workers’ time • Complications arising from concurrent individual and group therapy • Early deep self-disclosures • Severe acting-out behaviors • Inadequate orientation to therapy • Complications arising from strong subgroups An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7 e Toseland Rivas © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Worker Termination • Steps to Reduce Disruption – Members should be told as early as possible when termination will occur – The reasons for termination should be shared with the group; encouraged to discuss their feelings – Unfinished business should be completed if possible An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7 e Toseland Rivas © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Ending Group Meetings • Keep members focused on the topic of discussion • Limit the time that each member has to discuss an issue • Summarize what has been said • Obtain closure on each issue as it is discussed • Do not bring up new items An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7 e Toseland Rivas © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Ending the Group as a Whole • Learning from group members • Maintaining and generalizing changes • Reducing group attraction and promoting independent functioning • Help members deal with feelings about ending • Planning for the future • Making referrals An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7 e Toseland Rivas © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Maintaining and Generalizing Changes • Helping members work on relevant situations • Help members develop confidence in their abilities • Using a variety of different situations and settings to help members learn new behaviors • Using a variety of naturally occurring consequences An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7 e Toseland Rivas © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Maintaining and Generalizing Changes • Extending treatment through follow-up sessions • Preventing setbacks by practicing difficult situations and how to overcome obstacles • Helping members to solve problems independently; problem solving framework An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7 e Toseland Rivas © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Program Activities for Ending • Demonstrate and encourage reflection about skills members have learned in the group • Encourage members to express their feelings about the group and each other • Focus on future activities • Encourage activities outside the group • Write letters to self encouraging change An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7 e Toseland Rivas © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Positive Feelings about Endings • Feelings of empowerment and potency – Members realize they are capable of accomplishing their goals • A feeling of independence resulting from greater control of their lives An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7 e Toseland Rivas © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Positive Feelings about Endings • A sense of satisfaction and pride in successfully completing the group experience • A feeling of usefulness from helping others • A feeling of confidence and resiliency that problems can be coped with and solved An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7 e Toseland Rivas © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Negative Feelings About Termination • Denial that the group will end or not wanting it to end • Feelings of disappointment, powerlessness, abandonment or rejection • Acting out • Anger or hostility • Devaluing the group experience An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7 e Toseland Rivas © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Worker Reactions to Termination • Pride and accomplishment in the client’s success • Pride in therapeutic skills • A renewed sense of therapeutic process • Sadness, sense of loss, or ambivalence about no longer working with the client An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7 e Toseland Rivas © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Worker Reactions to Termination • Doubt or disappointment about the members’ progress or ability to function independently • A re-experiencing of workers’ own losses • Relief, doubt or guilt about their effectiveness as a helper An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7 e Toseland Rivas © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Planning for the Future • Contracting for new short-term groups • Transitioning to another level of care • Members asking to meet on their own – does not often continue for long without a leader • Self-help referrals • Tapping support systems and resources • Using booster sessions An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7 e Toseland Rivas © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Referral Principles • Call the contact person while the member is with the leader • Emphasize that the member is expected at the referral source • Provide instructions for getting to the referral source An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7 e Toseland Rivas © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Referral Principles • Assist with transportation if necessary • Ensure that disabilities do not prevent a successful referral • Ensure the member reached the referral source and received the needed services An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7 e Toseland Rivas © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Failure of Referrals • The referral source has had a change in policy or no longer has the service • The member – Lacks motivation or desire – Lacks the skill necessary to obtain needed services – Has been given incorrect information/not enough help by the worker to reach the referral source An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7 e Toseland Rivas © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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