Chapter 12 The Integumentary System 2009 Delmar Cengage

Chapter 12 The Integumentary System © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Overview of Structures, Combining Forms, and Functions © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Skin • Primary Functions – First line of defense for the immune system. – Waterproofs the body. – Major receptor for the sense of touch. • Related Combining Forms – – – cutane/o dermat/o, derm/o albin/o Bi/o Myc/o Seb/o © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

The Epidermis • Our outer protective layer • Outermost layer has no blood vessels and relys on lower layers for nourishment • Made of several tissues – Squamous tissue – Keratin: soft = skin, hard=nails and hair – Melanocytes – give us our color and protects from UV rays. © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Dermis • • AKA corium Living tissue below the epidermis Where we feel touch (tactile) and sensation Tissues include: – Collagen – fibrous protein, the “glue” – Mast cells – in case of injury to release: • Heparin • Histamine © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

The subcutaneous layer • Adipose tissue – fat • Cellulite – non-technical term for fat deposits • Lipocytes – other fat cells © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Structures of the Skin © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Sebaceous Glands • Primary Functions – Secrete sebum (oil) to lubricate the skin. – Discourage the growth of bacteria on the skin. • Related Combining Form – seb/o © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Sweat and Sebaceous Glands © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Sweat Glands • Primary Functions – Secrete sweat to regulate body temperature and water content. – Excrete some metabolic waste. • Related Combining Form – hidr/o © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Hair • Primary Function – Aids in controlling the loss of body heat. • Related Combining Forms – pil/i, pil/o © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Nails • Primary Function – Protect the dorsal surface of the last bone of each finger and toe. • Related Combining Forms – onych/o – ungu/o © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Structures of the Fingernails and Toenails © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Medical Specialties related to the Integumentary System © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Medical Specialists • Dermatoligist – a physician specializing in diagnostic and treatment of disorders associated with the skin. • Cosmetic Surgeon – AKA plastic surgeon, specializing in restoration and reconstruction (plastic = plasty, or to repair) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Pathology of the Integumentary System © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Sebaceous Glands • • • Acne vulgaris Comedo – leads to blackheads Sebaceous cysts – fat pocket Seborrheic dermatitis – dandruff Seborrheic keratosis – benign skin tumors found in the elderly © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Sweat Glands • • Anhidrosis – no sweat Hyperhidrosis – excessive sweat Diaphoresis – profuse sweating Miliaria – heat rash © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Heat Rash © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Hair • Hirsutism – excessive hair • Alopecia – baldness – Areata – specific areas of no hair – Capitis – all hair on the scalp – Universalis – whole body • Dyschromia – discoloration of the skin • Melanosis – black spots • Vitiligo – white spots © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Surface Lesions • • • Contusion - bruise Crust – dried cellular debris Ecchymosis – bleeding within skin Macule – flat spot Nevi – moles Nodule – solid bump Papule – ex: skin tag Plaque – several meanings Verrucae – warts © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Fluid-filled lesions • • • Abscess – localized collection of pus Bulla – larger abscess Cyst – closed sac of semi-solid fluid Pustule – large pimple Vesicle – small blister © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Lesions through the skin • • • Abrasion – friction or rubbing surface Fissure – groove or crack Laceration – deeper tear in skin Puncture – penetrating wound Ulcer – erosion of skin © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

General skin conditions • • Dermatitis – inflammation of the skin Eczema – chronic scaling and crusting Lupus – autoimmune skin disorder Psoriasis – silvery scales typically on elbows and knees, also autoimmune • Urticaria - hives © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Bacterial skin infections • • • Carbuncle – a cluster of boils Cellulitis – layers of inflammation Gangrene – tissue death Impetigo – contagious bacterial infection Anthrax – caused by anthrax bacteria © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Fungal Infections • Tinea – caused by tinea fungus – Athletes foot – Jock itch – Ringworm • Dermatmycosis – tinea versicolor © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Parasitic infestations • Scabies – mite transferred by intimate contact • Pediculosis – Head lice – Crab lice © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Skin growths • • • Callus – thickening of skin Granulation tissue – beginning of a scab Keloid – raised scar Polyp – growth in a mucus membrane Skin tags – benign growth that tends to enlarge with age © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Skin cancer • • Basal cell carcinoma Epithelioma Malignant melanoma Squamous cell carcinoma © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

ABCD © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Burns • Caused by heat, flame, sun, or chemicals • Rule of nines • More than 15 % is considered serious © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Diagnostic Procedures of the Integumentary System Biopsy © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Animations © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

The Skin [Insert Skin animation] Click to play animation © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Burns [Insert Burns animation] Click to play animation © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Answers to Learning Exercises © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Chapter 12 Answers Matching Word Parts 1 12. 1. bi/o 12. 2. urtic/o 12. 3. erythr/o 12. 4. hidr/o 12. 5. rhytid/o © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Matching Word Parts 2 12. 6. melan/o 12. 7. lip/o 12. 8. kerat/o 12. 9. pedicul/o 12. 10. dermat/o

Chapter 12 Answers Matching Word Parts 3 12. 11. xer/o 12. myc/o 12. 13. hirsut/o 12. 14. onych/o 12. 15. seb/o © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Definitions 12. 16. cellulitis 12. 17. dysplastic nevi 12. 18. alopecia areata 12. 19. hematoma 12. 20. diaphoresis

Chapter 12 Answers Definitions 12. 21. cicatrix 12. 22. bulla 12. 23. debridement 12. 24. second-degree 12. 25. verrucae © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Matching Structures 12. 26. keratin 12. 27. unguis 12. 28. sebaceous glands 12. 29. mammary glands 12. 30. dermis

Chapter 12 Answers Which Word? 12. 31. onychocryptosis 12. 32. impetigo 12. 33. laceration 12. 34. basal cell 12. 35. necrotizing fasciitis © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Spelling Counts 12. 36. psoriasis 12. 37. eczema 12. 38. abscess 12. 39. onychia 12. 40. scleroderma

Chapter 12 Answers Abbreviation Identification Term Selection 12. 41. basal cell carcinoma 12. 46. granuloma 12. 42. incision and 12. 47. pediculosis drainage corporis 12. 43. lupus erythematosus 12. 48. erythema 12. 44. malignant 12. 49. scales melanoma 12. 45. squamous cell 12. 50. carbuncle carcinoma © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Chapter 12 Answers Sentence Completion 12. 51. purulent 12. 52. onychomycosis 12. 53. gangrene 12. 54. melanosis 12. 55. urticaria © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Word Surgery 12. 56. rhytid, -ectomy 12. 57. onych/o, myc, -osis 12. 58. follicul, -itis 12. 59. prurit, -us 12. 60. ichthy, -osis

Chapter 12 Answers True/False 12. 61. True 12. 62. False 12. 63. True 12. 64. False 12. 65. True © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Clinical Conditions 12. 66. sclerotherapy 12. 67. albinism 12. 68. hematoma 12. 69. abrasion 12. 70. petechiae

Chapter 12 Answers Clinical Conditions 12. 71. scabies 12. 72. Mohs surgery 12. 73. blepharoplasty 12. 74. abscess 12. 75. sleep hyperhidrosis © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Which Is the Correct Medical Term? 12. 76. paronychia 12. 77. comedo 12. 78. psoriasis 12. 79. koilonychia 12. 80. nevi

Chapter 12 Answers Challenge Word Building 12. 81. onychomalacia 12. 82. hypohidrosis 12. 83. rhinoplasty 12. 84. onychoma 12. 85. melanopathy © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning 12. 86. onychectomy 12. 87. anonychia 12. 88. dermatopathy 12. 89. mycosis 12. 90. melanodermatitis

Chapter 12 Answers Labeling Exercises 12. 91. cyst 12. 92. pustule 12. 93. vesicle 12. 94. bulla 12. 95. ulcer © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning 12. 96. epidermis 12. 97. dermis 12. 98. subcutaneous 12. 99. sebaceous 12. 100. sweat