Chapter 12 Respiratory System Lesson 12 1 External

Chapter 12 Respiratory System Lesson 12. 1 External respiration Internal respiration Mediastinum carbon dioxide (CO 2) Diaphragm Expiration hilum (of lung) cilia epiglottis inspiratio Journal question: What are the structures in the respiratory system? Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1

Chapter Goals Name the organs of the respiratory system and describe their location and function. Identify various pathological conditions that affect the system. Learn medical terms that pertain to respiration. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2

Chapter Goals (cont’d) Describe important clinical procedures related to the respiratory system, and recognize relevant abbreviations. Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical terms in their proper contexts, such as medical reports and records. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 3

Introduction External respiration: Exchange of air in lung capillaries oxygen inhaled into the air sacs of the lungs Ø immediately passes into capillaries Ø carbon dioxide passes from capillaries into air sacs, to be exhaled Ø Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 4

Introduction (cont’d) Internal respiration: Exchange of gases in the cells occurs simultaneously between cells and capillaries Ø oxygen passes out of the bloodstream into the tissues Ø carbon dioxide passes out of tissues back into the bloodstream to travel to the lungs Ø Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 5

Respiratory Anatomy Mediastinum: Middle of chest where trachea divides into two branches Bronchi: Each leads to a separate lung Lungs: Lobes are not mirror images Hilum: Blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic tissue, and bronchial tubes enter and exit Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 6

Anatomy of Respiration (cont’d) Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 7

Respiratory Structures Conduct air Nose Ø Nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses Ø Pharynx Ø Larynx Ø Trachea Ø Exchange gases Bronchioles Ø Alveoli Ø Lung capillaries Ø Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 8

Respiratory Flow Chart (cont’d) Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 9

Vocabulary adenoids alveolus (alveoli) apex of the lung base of the lung brochioles bronchus (bronchi) carbon dioxide Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10

Vocabulary (cont’d) cilia diaphragm epiglottis expiration glottis hilum inspiration larynx Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 11

Vocabulary (cont’d) lobe mediastinum nares oxygen palatine tonsil paranasal sinus parietal pleura Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 12

Vocabulary (cont’d) pharynx pleural cavity pulmonary parenchyma respiration trachea visceral pleura Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 13

QUICK QUIZ: 1. What is the tip or uppermost portion of the lung? base B. lobe C. apex D. nares A. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 14

QUICK QUIZ: 1. What is the tip or uppermost portion of the lung? base B. lobe C. apex D. nares A. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 15

Combining Forms and Terminology Combining Form. Meaning adenoid/o alveol/o bronchi/o bronchiol/o capn/o adenoids alveolus, air sac bronchial tube bronchus bronchiole, small bronchus carbon dioxide Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 16

Combining Forms and Terminology (cont’d) Combining Form. Meaning coni/o cyan/o epiglott/o laryng/o lob/o mediastin/o dust blue epiglottis larynx, voice box lobe of the lung mediastinum Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 17

Combining Forms and Terminology (cont’d) Combining Form. Meaning nas/o orth/o ox/o pector/o pharyng/o phon/o nose straight, upright oxygen chest pharynx, throat voice Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 18

Combining Forms and Terminology (cont’d) Combining Form. Meaning phren/o pleur/o pneumon/o pulmon/o rhin/o diaphragm pleura air, lung nose Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 19

Combining Forms and Terminology (cont’d) Combining Form. Meaning sinus/o spir/o tel/o thorac/o tonsill/o trache/o sinus cavity breathing complete chest tonsils trachea, windpipe Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 20

Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Terminology SUFFIXES Suffix Meaning -ema -osmia -pnea -ptysis -sphyxia -thorax condition smell breathing spitting pulse pleural cavity, chest Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 21