CHAPTER 12 REPRO ANSc 4 Repro System Responsible

CHAPTER 12 REPRO ANSc 4

Repro System Responsible for: Reproducing offspring Composed of genitalia Male Female

Male Repro System Function: produce and deliver sperm to female ovum Basic Parts Scrotum Testes Epididymis Ductus Deferens Accessory sex glands Urethra Penis

Male Parts Scrotum: external pouch that houses and supports the testes Most often OUTSIDE the body Sperm Has require the lower temp to form muscular control Cremaster Importance Temp muscle in ANSC sensitive animals like sheep will become sterile if too hot

Male Parts Testes: produce spermatozoa Orientation within scrotum varies between species Divided into compartments that contain Seminiferous tubules: coiled tube shape Sperm are produced in these tubes Join together to a form cluster These ducts emerge and enter the Epididymis

Male Parts Epididymis: upper part of testis that secretes part of the semen Stores semen Provides passageway for sperm Sperm become motile while “waiting” in the epididymis Sperm Maturation : Sperm not fertile or motile without this process

Male Parts Ductus Deferens: carries sperm from epididymis to the pelvic region toward the urethra Encased in a spermatic cord Cord contains nerves, blood vessels and cremaster muscle fibers Accessory Glands Seminal vesicles: provide nourishment liquid to sperm Prostate gland: secretes motility aide for sperm Bulbourethral glands: give lubricant/protection to sperm

Male Parts Urethra: passes through penis outside of body Serves 2 purposes, urine and ejectulate Penis: male sex organ Covered by prepuce

Activity Break Outline the process of sperm formation Include location, and hormones involved and status of sperm (motile/fertile) Drawing with outline Anatomy Labeled

Female System Function: create and support new life Parts: Ovaries Uterine Tubes Uterus Cervix Vagina Vulva Mammary Glands

Female Parts Ovaries: located in the caudal abdomen, female gonad Produces estrogen, progesterone, eggs/ ova Egg cell=oocyte Uterine Tubes: / Oviducts/ Fallopian Tubes Paired, extend from cranial portion of the uterus to the ovaries Distal end= infundibulum

Female Parts Uterus: Thick walled, mucous membrane lined Houses embryo while gestating 3 Main Parts Cornus Corpus Cervix 3 Types of Tissue Perimetrium Myometrium Endometirum

Female Parts Cervix: Caudal continuation of uterus Composed of sphincters Tightly shut (expect during estrus) Mucus plug expelled before parturition Vagina Muscular tube lined with mucosa extending from cervix to outside the body

Female Parts Vulva External gentalia Serves as urethral orifice in some species Signs of pregnancy and estrous can be viewed here Mammary Glands Milk producing Shape and placement and number vary by species Most mammals have an even number and number of teats is in ratio to offspring

Estrous Cycle Proestrous- period immediately before estrous development of the endometrium and ovarian follicles Estrous-Estrus refers to the phase when the female is sexually receptive, Ovarian follicles maturing Metestrous- Corpus luteum starts to form, small amounts of progesterone Dietrous –CL produces progesterone. Preg? - keep the lining and begin gestation Not Preg? - uterine lining is shed, CL regresses

Common Diseases Abortion: termination of pregnancy Cryptorchidism: developmental defect in males, testes fail to descend: can result in termination Mastitis: Inflammation of mammary glands: effects milk production and success of offspring Uterine Prolapse: fatal if untreated, emergency procedure, uterus flips inside out of female during birth, can increase in occurrence, normally results in culling from herd.

Common Procedures: C Section: normally emergency, fetus is removed through the abdomen (NOT naturally through the birth canal) Hysterectomy: removal of all female organ (spay) Neuter: removal of male sex organs (castration) Surgical and chemical

Activities: Outline ovulation/estrous cycle from ovary follicle to parturition. Must include a diagram with labeled parts