Chapter 12 Part 1 Pages 412 418 Terms

Chapter 12 Part 1 Pages 412 -418

Terms to know • • Nativism Anarchists Sacco and Vanzetti Quota System John L. Lewis Isolationism Communism

Post War Trends • Americans were tired of war • Disenchanted with the Treaty of Versailles • Wanted Isolationism • Senate did not ratify Treaty of Versailles • The war ended for America by a joint resolution of congress

The Economy • Had to convert to peace time production • Returning soldiers booted women and Blacks out of factories • Led to race riots and more racism in the North

Price controls of WWI ended • Prices went way up very quickly • Labor who had taken no-strike pledges during the war went on strike • 1919 over 3, 000 strikes • Largest in the steel industry when 300, 000 walked off of the job

Government was still influenced by Big Business • Big Business, Government, Newspapers called the strikers • Communists • Anarchists • Public opinion against the strikers • Big fear of communism

The Red Scare • Communism: a political and economic system in which a government is run by a dictator. • No Private Property • Russia dropped out of WWI to fight its own revolution • Ended up with a communist country

Marx and Engels • The Communist Manifesto • Big influence on the Russian Revolution • Anarchists: folks who were out to destroy existing governments and start again from scratch

A. Mitchell Palmer • As the U. S. attorney general • Wanted to be president • Tried to make himself out as the champion against communism in America • Hired J. Edgar Hoover as his assistant • Hoover was later the head of the FBI

The Palmer Raids • 1920 -21 Palmer and Hoover went after communists, Socialists, Labor leaders, etc. • Deported a number of people illegally to Russia • Blacklisted others • Civil rights were trampled

Sacco and Vanzetti • Italian immigrants were accosed of robbery and murder of a paymaster in Braintree, Mass. • Convicted on circumstantial evidence • Judge Thayer called them, “Anarchist bastards” during the trial! • Were quickly convicted an executed

Immigration Patterns had changed • 1880’s-1890’s • Hundreds of thousands from Eastern and Southern Europe • Wanted to escape poverty, oppression • Did not assimilate well • Catholic, lived in Little Italys, etc.

Fear of Foreign Influence • • The rise of the second KKK Went after Blacks but also immigrants Tried to seem patriotic Claimed they were safeguarding American culture from foreign influence • 5 million members in the early 1920’s • Even President Harding! • 1927 a KKK scandal and disgrace

Immigration Restriction • Big Business feared communism more than they needed more cheap labor • Put pressure on government to restrict immigration • 1921 Emergency Quota Act: Allowed only 3% of a nationality in that were already here in 1910

But still too many • The Immigration Act of 1924: • (AKA The National Origins Act) • Allowed only 2% in according to the number already here in 1890 • No more Asians, Africans, Eastern Europeans. Due to quota System

Immigration Act of 1924 • Did not apply to folks in the Western Hemisphere • But still pretty racist • Evidence of Nativism

Back to labor • Police strike in Boston • The Governor…Calvin Coolidge fired them all • Said, “There is no right ot strike against the public safety anywhere, anytime, by anyone. ”

John L. Lewis • Represented striking mine workers • Ignored a court ordering them back to work • The Mine workers did gain some sconcessions