Chapter 12 Lecture Two of Two Opheus and

Chapter 12 Lecture Two of Two Opheus and Orphism Plato’s Myth of Er Aeneas's Descent © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.

ORPHEUS AND EURYDICÊ © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Orpheus and Eurydicê • • Orpheus the singer Loses his intended Eurydicê at their wedding Loses her again on the way out of Hades Torn apart by Maenads – Refused Dionysus’s cult or refused women followers or refused women in general ? © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Fig. 12. 3 Orpheus in Thrace bpk, Berlin/Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen/Johannes Laurentius/Art Resource, New York © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.

ORPHISM © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Orphism • Collection of writings (the Orphic Hymns) • Religious cosmology • Brought followers a better afterlife © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Orphism Chronos Zeus Aether Demeter Chaos Persephonê Erebus Dionysus (Zagreus) Phanes Pallas Nyx Titans Gaea and Uranus Cronus © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Orphism • Cosmology to explain human nature – Sôma sêma • Metempsychosis – Cycle can be broken – Ascetic purity – Magic formulas • Influence from Shamanism • Influence on Pythagoras, Plato, and early Christians © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Plato’s Myth of Er • Philosophical, contrived myth • Er comes back from the afterlife and describes what he experienced • After 1000 years or torment or bliss, souls return to the earth • Choose their next lives with the help of the Fates © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Fig. 12. 4 Charon and Hermes. Staatliche Antikensammlungen und Glyptothek, Munich © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Vergil's Aeneid AENEAS’S DESCENT INTO THE UNDERWORLD © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Aeneas’s Descent Anchises Ixion Lake Avernus Centaurs Sibyl of Cumae Elysium Hecatê Acheron Charon Tartarus © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Perspective 12. 2 Michelangelo's The Sybil of Cumae. The myth was allegorized into a philosophical/religious account of the relationship between the body and the soul. Vatican Museums; Scala/Art Resource, New York © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Fig. 12. 5 Ares and Hermes Hold Ixion British Museum, London; © Trustees of the British Museum / Art Resource, New York © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Dante's Inferno PERSPECTIVE 12. 3 © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Dante's Inferno • The poet Dante re-imagines the ancient myths of the underworld into a Christian context. • His underworld is moral, whereas Vergil's is overtly political, and Homer's is dreary and nightmarish. © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.

End © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.