Chapter 12 Developing BusinessIT Solutions Mc GrawHillIrwin Copyright
Chapter 12 Developing Business/IT Solutions Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Learning Objectives • Use the systems development process outlined in this chapter and the model of IS components from Chapter 1 as problemsolving frameworks to help you propose information systems solutions to simple business problems • Describe and give examples to illustrate how you might use each of the steps of the information systems development cycle to develop and implement a business information system 12 -2
Learning Objectives • Explain how prototyping can be used as an effective technique to improve the process of systems development for end users and IS specialists • Understand the basics of project management and their importance to a successful system development effort • Identify the activities involved in the implementation of new information systems 12 -3
Learning Objectives • Compare and contrast the four basic system conversation strategies • Describe several evaluation factors that should be considered in evaluating the acquisition of hardware, software, and IS services 12 -4
The Systems Approach • Problem solving technique • Interrelated activities – Recognize and define a problem or opportunity using systems thinking – Develop and evaluate alternative system solutions – Select the solution that best meets your requirements – Design the selected system solution – Implement and evaluate the success of the system 12 -5
Types of Feasibility Studies • Operational – Fix the problem, fit the organization • Economic – Cost/Benefit Analysis • Technical – Components and time available • Human Factors – Right people and roles available • Legal/Political – Government, patent, or license restrictions 12 -6
Types of Analysis • Organizational – Structure, people, activities • Present System – Hardware, software, network, input, output, processing • Logical – What the current system does – Not concerned with how it works 12 -7
User Interface Design • Supports interactions between end users and computer-based applications – Get help from end-users – Designers create attractive and efficient forms – Frequently a prototyping process – Produces detailed design specifications 12 -8
System Specifications • Components of formal design – User interface methods and products – Database structures – Processing procedures – Control procedures • Examples of System Specifications – – – User interface specifications Database specifications Software specifications Hardware and network specifications Personnel specifications 12 -9
Object-Oriented Analysis and Design • Object – anything a programmer needs manipulated • Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) techniques: – – Inheritance Modularity Polymorphism Encapsulation • Object-Oriented Analysis (OOA) – Model of object interaction, not solution • Object-Oriented Design (OOD) – Solution based on constraints 12 -10
What is a Project? • Every project has – A set of activities with a clear beginning and end – Goals – Objectives – Tasks – Limitations or constraints – A series of steps or phases • Managing a project effectively requires – Process – Tools – Techniques 12 -11
Hardware Evaluation Factors • • • Performance Cost Reliability Compatibility Technology Ergonomics Connectivity Scalability Software Support 12 -12
Software Evaluation Factors • • • Most Hardware Evaluation Factors Apply Quality Efficiency Flexibility Security Connectivity Maintenance Documentation Hardware Overall Rating – Software that is slow, hard to use, bug-filled, or poorly documented is not a good choice at any price 12 -13
IS Service Evaluation Factors • IS evaluation factors include – – – – Performance Systems development Maintenance Conversion Training Backup facilities and services Accessibility to sales and support • Business position and financial strength – Hardware selection and compatibility – Software packages offered 12 -14
Post-Implementation Activities • System Maintenance – Corrective: fix bugs and logical errors – Adaptive: add new functionality – Perfective: improve performance – Preventive: reduce chances of failure • Post Implementation Review – Correct Errors – Periodic review/audit • Single most costly activity 12 -15
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