Chapter 12 Computers and Technology in Health Care

Chapter 12 Computers and Technology in Health Care Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

12: 1 Introduction • Computer literacy is a health care necessity – Information systems – Diagnostic testing – Treatment – Patient monitoring – Educational tools – Research – Communication Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

12. 2 Information Systems • • • Word processing Compiling databases Creating EHR Scheduling Maintaining financial records Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

12. 2 Information Systems • Maintaining inventory • Developing spreadsheets Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

12. 2 Information Systems • Health care providers use of technology – Health information technician – Physician – Pharmacist – Dietitian – Laboratory technician – Environmental service worker Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Diagnostics • Tests to diagnose or rule out disease – May be invasive or noninvasive • • Electrocardiogram (ECG) Stress test Echocardiograph Computerized tomography (CT) Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Diagnostics • • • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Positron emission tomography (PET) Ultrasonography Digital radiography Computer-aided detection (CADe) or computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

12. 4 Treatment • • • Lasers Robotic surgery or computer-assisted surgery Image-guided surgery (IGS) Radiation therapy Computer-aided design (CAD) Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

12: 4 Treatment • • Ultrasound Hearing assistive technology Automated drug dispensing systems (ADDS) Automated storage and dispensing cabinets or carts (ADCs) Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

12: 5 Patient Monitoring • Pulse oximeters • Fetal heart monitors • Incubators with computer-controlled photo (light) therapy • Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) • Global positioning satellites (GPS) Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

12: 6 Education • Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) • Patient-education software/DVDs • Internet for distance learning and continuing education units (CEUs) Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

12: 7 Research • National Library of Medicine database, MEDLINE – Free access at Pub. Med • Medline. Plus • Bioinformatics – Rapid scientific progress through information sharing Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

12: 8 Communication • Networks – Computers linked together in health care facilities • Internet – Links computers located around the world • Electronic mail (e-mail) Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

12: 8 Communication • Telemedicine for medical/health care use • Electronic medicine for contacting physicians – Web visit between patient and physician • Telepharmacies speed up the process of dispensing medicines Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

12: 8 Communication • Online or virtual communities – Social networks – Blogs – Online discussion groups – Automatic mailings such as LISTSERVE Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

12: 9 Using the Internet • • • Network of computer users Medical updates Information on new procedures Aid in making diagnoses Used for expediency in organ transplants Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

12: 9 Using the Internet • Defined as a database of Internet files • Parts of search engines or service – Search program – Index – Retrieval program Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

12: 9 Using the Internet • Search engines – America On Line – Ask – Bing – Duck. Go – Google – Lycos – Yahoo Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

12: 9 Using the Internet • Search limitations – Identify key words – Use an advanced search – Use different search engines – Evaluate information sources Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

12: 10 Computer Protection and Security • Health care computerized records must be safe and secure • Loss of information can result from electrical surges, power outages, viruses, hackers Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

12: 10 Computer Protection and Security • Protect computers from electrical surges and power outages – Uninterrupted power supply (UPS) – Daily backups onto optical disks, flash drives, external hard drives Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

12: 10 Computer Protection and Security • Protect computers from loss by fire, natural disasters, or theft – Storage of data in a safe and secure external location – Computer security company can perform and store backups Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

12: 10 Computer Protection and Security • Viruses are programs that – Alter the operation of computer programs – Erase or scramble data on a computer – Allow access to information on a computer • Installation of antivirus software will provide protection Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

12: 10 Computer Protection and Security • Other computers, outside programs, and hackers can gain access • Firewalls are needed for protection • Network database computers only within the health care facility • Use a dedicated computer to send information to outside sources Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

12: 10 Computer Protection and Security • Confidentiality is of utmost importance for patient records • Guidelines have been established • Privacy Rule of the Health Insurance and Portability Act (HIPAA) Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

12: 10 Computer Protection and Security • Wireless technology creates security risks • Use a security code to prevent unauthorized access • Encryption programs can secure information • Do not send personal information using a public wireless or Wi. Fi connection Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

12: 10 Computer Protection and Security • Passwords must be kept confidential – Do not let others see the keyboard when the password is entered • Others should not be able to see a screen if confidential patient information is visible • Clear monitor screens before leaving work area Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

12: 10 Computer Protection and Security • Do not open e-mails or files from unknown parties • Follow instructions if a virus or firewall alert occurs • Discarded hard copies must be shredded Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.