Chapter 12 Blood 2017 Cengage 2017 Learning Cengage
Chapter 12 Blood © 2017 Cengage © 2017 Learning. Cengage All. Learning. Rights Reserved. All Rights. May Reserved. not be scanned, May not be copied scanned, copied or duplicated, or or duplicated, posted toor a publicly posted to accessible a publiclywebsite, accessible in whole website, or in in part. whole or in part.
Blood • Average adult body has 8– 10 pints of blood • Function of the blood – Transport – Regulation – Protection © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Blood Composition • • Plasma Erythrocytes or red blood cells Leukocytes or white blood cells Thrombocytes or platelets © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Blood Plasma (1 of 2) • Straw-colored • Constitutes about 55% of blood volume • Water – 92% of the total volume of plasma • Plasma proteins – Fibrinogen – Albumin – Globulin © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Blood Plasma (2 of 2) • • Nutrients Electrolytes Hormones, vitamins, and enzymes Metabolic waste products © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Red Blood Cells (RBCs) • Hematopoiesis is the formation of all blood cells • Occurs in the red bone marrow • Certain lymphatic tissue produces some white blood cells • Develop from stem cells © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Erythropoiesis • • • The manufacture of red blood cells (RBCs) RBCs live about 120 days Rate is influenced by erythropoietin Process of development and breakdown Normal ranges © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Hemoglobin • Red pigment contained in RBC’s • Made of a protein molecule called globin and an iron compound called heme • Function of RBCs – Oxyhemoglobin – Carboxyhemoglobin • Normal ranges • Hemolysis © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
White Blood Cells (WBCs) • Called leukocytes • Natural defense against injury and disease • Types of leukocytes – Granulocytes – Agranulocytes – Monocytes • Diapedesis • Normal ranges © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Types of WBCs – Granulocytes • Made from cells called myeloblasts • Cytoplasm contains granules, which stain with Wright’s stain • Neutrophils • Eosinophils • Basophils © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Types of WBCs – Agranulocytes • Lymphocytes – B-lymphocytes – T-lymphocytes • Monocytes © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Inflammation • Occurs when living tissue is damaged in any way • Signs and symptoms – – Redness Local heat Swelling Pain • The inflammatory process © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Thrombocytes (blood platelets) • Function in the initiation of the blood-clotting process • Fragments of a megakaryocyte’s cytoplasm • Normal ranges • Blood-clotting or coagulation process is complex © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Coagulation • Injured tissue or blood vessels causes a release of thromboplastin • Prothrombin converts to thrombin • Fibrinogen converts to fibrin • Clotting time normal range © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Blood Types • Types – A, B, AB, O • • • Antigens and antibodies Agglutination Rh Factor Universal donor (O Rh-) Universal recipient (AB Rh+) © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Blood Testing (1 of 2) • • • Bleeding time Coagulation time Hemoglobin count Platelet count Prothrombin time © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Blood Testing (2 of 2) • • • Sedimentation rate Red blood cell count White blood cell count Hematocrit Cholesterol level © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Disorders of the Blood (1 of 3) • • • Anemia Iron-deficiency anemia Pernicious anemia Aplastic anemia Sickle cell anemia © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Disorders of the Blood (2 of 3) • • • Cooley’s anemia Polycythemia Embolism Thrombosis Hematoma © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Disorders of the Blood (3 of 3) • • • Hemophilia Thrombocytopenia Leukemia Multiple myeloma Septicemia © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Bone Marrow Transplants (1 of 2) • Autologous bone marrow transplant – The donor is the patient • Allogenic bone marrow transplant – – Identical twin Parent Unrelated Umbilical cord © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Bone Marrow Transplants (2 of 2) • Bone marrow transplant procedure • Engraftment © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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