Chapter 12 BLOOD 2004 Delmar Learning a Division

Chapter 12 BLOOD © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

FUNCTION OF BLOOD • Transporting fluid of the body – Nutrients from digestive tract – Oxygen from lungs – Waste products from cells – Hormones • Aids in heat distribution • Regulates acid-base balance © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

BLOOD COMPOSITION • Plasma - liquid portion of blood without the cellular elements • Erythrocytes - red blood cells • Leukocytes - white blood cells • Thrombocytes - platelets © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

BLOOD COMPOSITION © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

BLOOD PLASMA • Electrolytes • Water • Hormones, • Plasma proteins vitamins, and – Fibrinogen enzymes – Albumin • Metabolic waste – Globulin products • Nutrients © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

RED BLOOD CELLS • Hemoglobin – Red pigment in erythrocytes • Erythropoiesis – Manufacture of red blood cells – Occurs in red bone marrow • Hemolysis – Rupture of red blood cell © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

WHITE BLOOD CELLS • Types of Leukocytes: – Granulocytes • Neutrophils • Eosinophils • Basophils – Agranulocytes • Lymphocytes • Monocytes © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

INFLAMMATION • Occurs when tissues are subjected to chemical or physical trauma • Symptoms: – Redness – Local heat – Swelling – Pain © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

THROMBOCYTES (BLOOD PLATELETS) • Thrombocytes are the smallest of the solid components of blood • Coagulation is clotting of the blood • The time it takes for blood to clot is known as clotting time – Human clotting time: 5 to 15 minutes © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

BLOOD TYPES • Four major groups of blood –A –B - AB -O • Blood type inherited from parents • Antigen - protein present in blood • Antibody - protein in plasma © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

RH FACTOR • The Rh factor is found on the surface of red blood cells • Rh positive • Rh negative © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

DISORDERS OF THE BLOOD • Anemia • Iron-deficiency anemia • Pernicious anemia • Aplastic anemia • Sickle cell anemia • Cooley’s anemia • Polycythemia • • Embolism Thrombosis Hematoma Hemophilia Thrombocytopenia Leukemia Septicemia © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.