Chapter 12 1 Big Idea Italian Intellectuals enter

Chapter 12. 1 Big Idea: Italian Intellectuals enter new age of achievement

Renaissance (1300’s -1400’s) • Renaissance=Rebirth /renewal • 3 Characteristics – Italy -urban society=secular (worldly) views. – Recovery from disasters of middle ages. (plague, political instability, & decline of church power) – Individualism (ability & universal person). I am the Renaissance!

The Italian States • Started –Italy – not united –independent city-states -wealthy families control – Urban (Cities)-trade -ideas spread fast • Milan -richest city-states. • Venice –trade link between Asia & western Europe • Florence -Controlled by Medici family & art patrons (support artist)

Italian Wars • Rest of Europe wants Italy’s Riches. • Foreign domination – 1494 France & Spain fight over Italy - 30 yrs. • Spanish hired to protect Italian states-no pay – Spain sacked Rome =Spanish dominated Italy.

Machiavelli on Power • Niccolo Machiavelli, wrote “The Prince” – How to acquire & keep political power – human nature is selfcentered. – Leaders should not focus on morals to rule

Renaissance Society-p. 402 • 1 st estate-Clergy • 2 nd estate -Nobility • “The Book of the Courtier, ” by Castiglione • nobles were…. • Born, not made • Warriors & educated. • 3 rd estate • Peasants- worked manors • legally free (serfs) • Towns people • patricians-wealthy (trade, industry, & banking) • burghers-shopkeepers, artisans, guild masters/members. • workers & unemployed

Family and Marriage • Family bond=security. • Arranged marriages with dowry • Father/husband -dominant, – Children -adults when their father freed them.

Johannes Gutenberg • • Invented movable type Gutenberg Bible. rise of literacy -spreading of ideas More books=Cheap books

Section 1 Review • Renaissance means what? • Rebirth • What are the most important characteristics of the Renaissance? • Urban society • An age of recovery from plagues, political upheaval, and decline of Church authority. • A higher regard for the value of the individual human.

Section 1 Review • • • The Book of the Courtier was written by who? Castiglione Means worldly? Secular This book said a noble should fulfill certain ideas, perform military exercises, and gain a classical education. • The Book of the Courtier

Section 1 Review • Sum of money given to the groom by the wife’s family. • Dowry • Political work by Machiavelli • The Prince • He encouraged rulers and would-be rulers to believe that human nature was self-centered. • Machiavelli

Section 1 Review • The city-state that was led by a group of wealthy merchant-aristocrats was what? • Venice • Turning point that caused Charles VIII of France to lose the Italian wars. • The invasion and sack of Rome in 1537 • How did the printing press contribute to the Renaissance? • It brought renewed interest in learning and culture, spread ideas faster and more widely then ever before.