“Five Civilized Tribes” • Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw, Choctaw • Lived in Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Florida • Established farming societies
Indian Removal Act • White settlers wanted Indian’s farm lands • Pres. Jackson supported settlers demands • 1830 – the Act allowed “payment” to Natives for their land • 1834 - Indian Territory established – Oklahoma
Cherokee Nation • Refused to give up their land • Sued Georgia – case went to Supreme Court – Worcester vs Georgia – GA had no right to interfere with the Cherokee • Pres. Jackson said to ignore the SC decision – “John Marshall (chief justice) has made his decision, now let him enforce it. ”
Trail of Tears • Treaty of New Echota – signed by some Cherokee – gave up their land • Treaty passed by 1 vote • Most of the 17, 000 refused to honor the treaty • Cherokee Chief John Ross – said those that signed did not represent the people
Trail of Tears • • 1838 – forced removal begins 7, 000 federal troops invade Cherokee Nation 2, 000 natives died in camps 2, 000 died along the way from starvation, disease, and exposure to brutal weather