Chapter 11 Political Developments in the Early Republic

Chapter 11: Political Developments in the Early Republic Mr. Meza 8 th Grade U. S. History

11. 3 “Washington as President” • • • New government lacked funds The excise tax upsets farmers in Pennsylvania The Whiskey Rebellion The French Revolution Washington’s farewell address points out two threats – Problems with countries – Political disagrements

1. What three departments made up President Washington’s cabinet? • Department of State = handle relations with other countries • The Department of War = to defend the nation • The Treasury Department = oversee the nation’s finances

2. What did Congress agree to do in 1791, why? • Placed an excise tax on whiskey and other luxury goods (production or sale of a product) • Because the new government lacked funds

3. What happened in western Pennsylvania in 1794? • The Whiskey Rebellion • Tax rebels (“Whiskey Boys”) tarred and feathered tax collectors

4. How did President Washington react to the rebellion? • Viewed the rebellion as a threat to the authority of the Nat‘l government • Led 13, 000 troops to stop the rebellion

5. According to Washington, what two threats faced the nation’s future? • Problems with other countries • Fighting with parties could tear the country apart

11. 4 – “Alexander Hamilton and the Federalist Party” • Delegate from New York born in the West Indies • Limit the power of the common people • “Best people” – educated, wealthy, publicspirited men • Strong economy/national bank, 1791 • Loose construction – flexibility or broad interpretation of the Constitution • The French Revolution

6. Characteristics of the Federalist Party. . • Favored strong central government • National bank • The “best people” rule – wealthy, educated men • Minimal power to common people

7. What did Hamilton believe would make the U. S. great? • A strong economy • National bank

8. What is loose construction? • To give Congress powers not specified in the Constitution • Allow Congress to create a national bank

9. What would a national bank provide? • Help collect taxes • Print paper money • Loans for businesspeople (factories and ships)

10. Why did Federalist favor a good relationship with G. B. ? • G. B. was a powerful country the U. S. would hope to become one day • Powerful and respected

11. 5 “Thomas Jefferson and the Republican Party” • Opposed federalist views on a national government and supported a state government • Democracy (informed citizens make good decisions) • Strict construction – only powers specified in the Constitution • Economy based on agriculture

11. Characteristics of the Republican Party. . • Believed in a small government with limited powers • Common people should have power

12. What is Strict Construction? • Narrow interpretation of the Constitution • Congress only had the powers specified in the Constitution

13. What kind of government was favored by Republicans? • Believed state governments were closer to the people and easy to control • Limited powers

14. What were republican views on the economy? • Favored an economy based on agriculture • National bank only loaned to businessmen not farmers

Federalist vs. Republicans Thomas Jefferson (Republican) Alexander Hamilton - Small government with limited powers (Federalist) Americans - Favored state governments -Opposed giving power to the common people - Favored an economy based on agriculture -”Best people” should run government - Strong National government - National bank, 1791

15. What were the Alien and Sedition Acts? • A set of laws aimed at non-citizens • Republicans saw it as an attack to their party and their freedom of speech and press

16. What is the state rights theory? • Rights not specifically given to the federal government remain with the state • States could nullify laws = refused to recognize federal laws

17. What is the twelfth amendment? • (1804) Calls for the Electoral College to cast separate ballots for president and vicepresident • Was added to avoid ties in a presidential election

18. Why is the election of 1800 considered a peaceful revolution? • Power passed from one party (Federalist) to another (Republican) without violence