Chapter 11 Kingdom Protista Kingdom Protista is subdivided
Chapter 11 Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Protista is subdivided into three subkingdoms • The animal-like protists • The plant-like protists • The fungus-like protists
The Animal-like Protists SUBKINGDOM PROTOZOA
Subkingdom Protozoa • Known as the protozoans, meaning “first animals” • Also known as zooplankton, tiny floating animals in bodies of water – From the Greek word “planktos” meaning wanderer • Divided into phyla based on their method of locomotion
Protozoan locomotion • • Phylum Sarcodina – pseudopod Phylum Ciliophora – cilia Phylum Zoomastigina – flagella Phylum Sporozoa - none
Phylum Sarcodina Sarcode - word used to describe the jellylike contents of protozoans - first proposed by Dujardin, an European naturalist is the 1800’s - comes from the Greek meaning “soft”
Phylum Sarcodina • Movement by pseudopod, a false foot • Common example: the amoeba • Method of eating: phagocytosis • Only has asexual reproduction by mitosis
Anatomy of an Amoeba • Also note the ectoplasm and the endoplasm
Other Sarcodines These are known as radiolarians – sticky, needlelike pseudopodia and a glassy shell composed of silica Top: Arcella Bottom: Actinophrys sol
Other Sarcodines Top: Difflugia, another radiolarian Bottom: a foraminiferan (foramen means hole) branched pseudopodia and a shell composed of calcium carbonate
Other Sarcodines • Foraminiferans come in a variety of shapes and colors!
Parasitic amoebas Amoebic meningitis can be caused by Naegleria fowleri, a free living amoeba found in warm fresh water
Other parasitic amoebas Amoebic dysentery can be caused by Entameba histolytica. This picture shows cysts in a colon biopsy.
Phylum Ciliata • Movement by cilia • Common example: the paramecium • Sexual reproduction occurs by conjugation • Note the macronucleus and the micronucleus
Anatomy of a Paramecium
Other Ciliates Top: Stentor - a sessile ciliate Bottom: This Stentor has been flattened by absorbing excessively watery surrounding medium in order to observe the necklace shaped macronucleus
Other Ciliates Top: Vorticella – the stalk is retractable Bottom: Tetrahymena
Phylum Zoomastigina • Movement by flagella • Common examples: Top: Chilomonas – chief food source for larger protozoans Bottom: Peranema – active predator and scavenger
Parasitic Flagellates Giardia lamblia This is the protozoan responsible for Giardiasis. Note: a) 4 pairs of flagella b) 2 large nuclei
Other parasitic flagellates Top: Trypanosoma brucei, cause of African sleeping sickness (trypanosomiasis) Bottom: tsetse fly, the normal host of Trypanosoma
Phylum Sporozoa No structure for locomotion Top: Plasmodium, the cause of malaria, rupturing RBC’s Bottom: female Anopheles mosquito, normal host for Plasmodium
Life cycle for Plasmodium
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