Chapter 11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Alkanes 11

Organic Compounds An organic compound § is a compound made from carbon atoms §

Properties of Organic Compounds Typical organic compounds § contain carbon § have covalent bonds

Organic versus Inorganic Compounds § Propane, C 3 H 8, is an organic compound

Comparing Properties of Organic and Inorganic Compounds General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright ©

Learning Check Identify each of the following characteristics as most typical of compounds that

Solution Identify each of the following characteristic as most typical of compounds that are

Writing Formulas for Carbon Compounds In carbon compounds, § carbon has 4 valence electrons,

Tetrahedral Structure of Carbon VSEPR theory predicts that a carbon atom with four single,

Organic Compounds with More Carbon Atoms In organic molecules with more carbon atoms, §

Tetrahedral Structure of Ethane In VESPR, two carbon atoms in ethane each has a

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Organic Compounds An organic compound § is a compound made from carbon atoms § has one or more C atoms § has many H atoms § may also contain O, S, N, P, and halogens General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 2

Properties of Organic Compounds Typical organic compounds § contain carbon § have covalent bonds § have low melting points § have low boiling points § are flammable § are soluble in nonpolar solvents § are not soluble in water General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Oil (organic) and water (inorganic) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 3

Organic versus Inorganic Compounds § Propane, C 3 H 8, is an organic compound used as a fuel. § Na. Cl, salt, is an inorganic compound composed of Na+ and Cl– ions. Question: Why is propane an organic compound, but Na. Cl is not? General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 4

Learning Check Identify each of the following characteristics as most typical of compounds that are I) inorganic or O) organic. ___ 1. has a high melting point ___ 2. is not soluble in water ___ 3. has a formula CH 3─CH 2─CH 3 ___ 4. has a formula Mg. Cl 2 ___ 5. burns easily in air ___ 6. has covalent bonds General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 6

Solution Identify each of the following characteristic as most typical of compounds that are I) inorganic or O) organic. I 1. has a high melting point O 2. is not soluble in water O 3. has a formula CH 3─CH 2─CH 3 I 4. has a formula Mg. Cl 2 O 5. burns easily in air O 6. has covalent bonds General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 7

Writing Formulas for Carbon Compounds In carbon compounds, § carbon has 4 valence electrons, and hydrogen has 1 § to achieve an octet, C forms four bonds CH 4 (methane) General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 8

Tetrahedral Structure of Carbon VSEPR theory predicts that a carbon atom with four single, covalent bonds is tetrahedral as shown in a § (a) tetrahedron § (b) ball-and-stick model § (c) space-filling model § (d) expanded structural formula General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 9

Organic Compounds with More Carbon Atoms In organic molecules with more carbon atoms, § valence electrons are shared § covalent bonds form between carbon and carbon atoms § covalent bonds form between carbon and hydrogen atoms CH 3─CH 3 (methane) General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 10

Tetrahedral Structure of Ethane In VESPR, two carbon atoms in ethane each has a tetrahedral shape as shown in a § (a) tetrahedron § (b) ball-and-stick model § (c) space-filling model § (d) expanded structural formula General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 11