Chapter 11 Byzantines Russians Turks Interact Section 1

Chapter 11 Byzantines, Russians, Turks Interact

Section 1 - Byzantine § § § Western Rome collapsed – 476 AD Byzantine flourished (Constantinople) Justinian – had tried to regain lost Roman territory Ruled with absolute authority Spoke Greek (not Latin) *Justinian Code – legal code (life, property, marriage, slavery, inheritance, criminal justice, etc. )

Section 1 Byzantine § Constantinople - Justinian transformed city § Public works, cathedrals (Hagia Sophia) § Baths, aqueducts, courts, schools, hospitals § **Preservation of Greek & Roman culture by scholars § Busy markets, street fairs § Hippodrome Theatre – chariots, musicians, races, performances § Nika Rebellion – 30, 000 fans slaughtered – mad that previous riot had been put down harshly

Section 1 - Byzantine § After Justinian’s death, problems § Plague (probably bubonic) § At height (542 AD) – 10, 000 per day died! § 100 million people § Invasions – Lombards, Slavs, Bulgars, Persians, Russians, Turks § Finally fell to Ottoman Turks in 1453 § End of Byzantine Empire

Section 1 - Byzantine § § § Christianity – differs from east to west West – Pope was the leader East – Patriarch was the leader; Emperor had power over Church Issues over use of icons (religious images); riots (East supported, West did not) 1054 – Pope and Patriarch excommunicated each other – Christianity officially splits (schism) Catholic and Orthodox (p. 305)

Byzantine Contributions § § § Preserved Greek culture/learning Adopted Roman ideas of law Preserved Christianity (Orthodox) Great center of wealth and trade Art, philosophy, science, literature, education § Theatres, palaces, reservoirs (engineering & architecture)

Section 2 - Russia § Much of Russia inhabited by Slavic farmers and traders; spoke similar language § Vikings settled and mixed – became one § Vladimir converts to Christianity (Orthodox) § Kiev becomes major city – Christianity grows

Section 2 - Russia § 1200’s - Mongols (fierce horsemen from central Asia) under Kublai Khan then Genghis Khan sacked Kiev § Thousands slaughtered § Mongol rule § § § Allowed Christianity Demanded absolute obedience Demanded massive tributes (payments) Failed to conquer Japan – “kamikaze” divine wind Marco Polo spends 17 years traveling in China

Section 2 - Russia § Princes emerge (in favor with Mongols) § Ivan I moves capital to Moscow – city grows strong and wealthy § Ivan III openly challenged Mongols – turning point – no real fighting but end of Mongol rule § Took title czar

Section 3 - Turks § Persians had moved into Baghdad (945) and put an end to power of caliphs § Still religious leaders but no political power § Turks growing in power (Anatolia) § Herders, traders, raiders, great military skill § Began converting to Islam and moving into Persian territory; eventually gained Persian support § Eventually took over Byzantine Empire § Had also fought Crusaders and Mongols