Chapter 11 Biology Review Evolution of Populations Holt

Chapter 11 Biology Review Evolution of Populations Holt Mc. Dougal Biology

Question 1 • 1. Name 3 conditions required to maintain genetic equilibrium under the HARDYWEINBERG PRINCIPLE. • .

Answer 1 • 1. Name 3 conditions required to maintain genetic equilibrium under the HARDYWEINBERG PRINCIPLE. (any 3 are acceptable) • 1) Very large population • 2) No gene flow • 3) No mutations • 4) Random mating • 5) No natural selection

Q 2 • 2. TRUE OR FALSE • Most of the time in most populations the conditions for Hardy-Weinberg DO NOT ALL EXIST. • .

A 2 • 2. TRUE OR FALSE • Most of the time in most populations the conditions for Hardy-Weinberg DO NOT ALL EXIST. • TRUE

Q 3. Write the name of the kind of selection shown under each graph shown below.

Answer 3 A (Favors BOTH extremes) 3 A) DISRUPTIVE SELECTION.

ANSWER 3 B 3 b) DIRECTIONAL SELECTION (Favors ONE extreme phenotype & shifts the graph to that direction)

Answer 3 C 3 C) Stabilizing Selection Favors the Intermediate phenotype & squishes the graph towards the center.

Q 4 4. Genetic drift happens in populations that are _____. A) small B) Very large

A 4 • 4. Genetic drift happens in populations that are _____. A) small B) Very large

Q 5 • 5. The genes carried by all members of a particular population make up that population’s _______ ______.

A 5 5. The genes carried by all members of a particular population make up that population’s __gene pool.

Q 6 • 6. The process in which two species evolve in response to changes in each other is called ______.

A 6 6. The process in which two species evolve in response to changes in each other is called COEVOLUTION__.

Q 7 • 7. Evolution toward similar characteristics in unrelated species, such as when unrelated species adapt analogous structures due to similar environments, this is an example of ________ evolution. • A) convergent B) divergent C) Fluxuant D) Coevolution

A 7 • 7. Evolution toward similar characteristics in unrelated species, such as when unrelated species adapt analogous structures due to similar environments, this is an example of ________ evolution. • A) convergent B) divergent C) Fluxuant D) Coevolution

Q 8 • 8. Name the pattern of evolution in which there are bursts of evolutionary activity in spurts followed by periods of little evoluationary change. • A) Gradualism • B) Coevolution • C) Punctuated Equilibrium • D) Hardy Weinburg Theory •

A 8 • 8. Name the pattern of evolution in which there are bursts of evolutionary activity in spurts followed by periods of little evoluationary change. • A) Gradualism • B) Coevolution • C) Punctuated Equilibrium • D) Hardy Weinburg Theory

Q 9 • 9) The movement of alleles into or out of a population due to migration is called what ? • A) Mutation • B) Nonrandom Mating • C) Gene Flow • D) Natural Selection

A 9 • 9) The movement of alleles into or out of a population due to migration is called what ? • A) Mutation • B) Nonrandom Mating • C) Gene Flow • D) Natural Selection • • .

Q 10 • 10) Hardy-Wienburg Equilibrium describes populations that _____. • A) are evolving • B) are not evolving • C) Both A & B • D) Neither

A 10 • 10) Hardy-Wienburg Equilibrium describes populations that _____. • A) are evolving • B) are not evolving • C) Both A & B • D) Neither

Q 11 • 11) When closely related species evolve in different directions by adapting to different environments, they become increasingly different through ______evolution. • A) Convergent • B) Divergent • C) Fluxuant • D) Coevolution • E) None of above. •

A 11 • 11) When closely related species evolve in different directions by adapting to different environments, they become increasingly different through ______evolution. • A) Convergent • B) Divergent • C) Fluxuant • D) Coevolution • E) None of above.

Q 15 • 15. Darwin believed in the idea that evolution happened slowly over a long period of time called _____. • A. punctuated equilibrium • B. gradualism • C. symbiosis • D. mass extinction

A 15 • 15. Darwin believed in the idea that evolution happened slowly over a long period of time called _____. • A. punctuated equilibrium • B. gradualism • C. symbiosis • D. mass extinction

Q 16 • 16. The last test in Biology class was extremely hard. A graph of the scores shows a bell shaped curve with the average score being a 68% D. The teacher curves the test scores so that the new class average is a 77% C. The graph that shows this change would look similar to a graph showing which kind of selection? • • A) Disruptive • B) Directional • C) Stabilizing

A 16 • 16. The last test in Biology class was extremely hard. A graph of the scores shows a bell shaped curve with the average score being a 68% D. The teacher curves the test scores so that the new class average is a 77% C. The graph that shows this change would look similar to a graph showing which kind of selection? • • A) Disruptive • B) Directional (b/c it causes a shift in the score) • C) Stabilizing

Q 17 • 17) A change in the genetic material (DNA) of a cell is called a(n) __________. • A) recombination • B) Mutation • C) Mutalation • D) polygenic trait • E) None of above •

A 17 • 17) A change in the genetic material (DNA) of a cell is called a(n) __________. • A) recombination • B) Mutation • C) Mutalation • D) polygenic trait • E) None of above

Q 18 • 18) True or False: “In genetic drift, the allele frequencies in a gene pool change because of chance”.

A 18 • 18) True or False: “In genetic drift, the allele frequencies in a gene pool change because of chance”. • TRUE

Q 19 • 19) The type of genetic drift that follows the colonization of a new habitat by a small group of individuals is called • A) Bottleneck effect • B) Founder effect • C) Natural Selection • D) Stabiliizing selection •

A 19 • 19) The type of genetic drift that follows the colonization of a new habitat by a small group of individuals is called • A) Bottleneck effect • B) Founder effect • C) Natural Selection • D) Stabiliizing selection

Q 20 • 20) What is the definition of a SPECIES?

A 20 • 20) What is the definition of a SPECIES? • - A group of similar organisms that can REPRODUCE to have FERTILE OFFSPRING.

Q 21 • 21) True or False: “ In natural selection, it is environmental changes that do the selecting”

A 21 • TRUE

Q 22 • 22) The separation of populations by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water is called ______. • A) Behavioral Isolation • B) Temporal Isolation • C) Geographic Isolation • •

A 22 • 22) The separation of populations by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water is called ______. • A) Behavioral Isolation • B) Temporal Isolation • C) Geographic Isolation

Q 23 23) What type of isolation exists when timing prevents reproduction between 2 population? • • . A) Behavioral Isolation B) Temporal Isolation C) Geographic Isolation

A 23 • 23) What type of isolation exists when timing prevents reproduction between 2 population? • A) Behavioral Isolation • B) Temporal Isolation • C) Geographic Isolation • . •

Q 24 • 24) What type of isolation is caused by differences in courtship or mating behaviors? • A) Behavioral Isolation • B) Temporal Isolation • C) Geographic Isolation • . •

A 24 • 24) What type of isolation is caused by differences in courtship or mating behaviors? • A) Behavioral Isolation • B) Temporal Isolation • C) Geographic Isolation • . •

Q 25 • 25) The formation of new species is called _________

A 25 • 25) The formation of new species is called Speciation.

Q 26 • 26) When the range of phenotypes becomes narrower and the number of individuals with characteristics near the middle of the range increases, ___________selection results. A) Stabilizing B) Directional C) Disruptive D) Normal distribution E) Fluxuant

A 26 • 26) When the range of phenotypes becomes narrower and the number of individuals with characteristics near the middle of the range increases, ___________selection results. A) Stabilizing B) Directional C) Disruptive D) Normal distribution

Q 27 27) _________is a measure of how common a certain allele is in the population. • A) Gene Pool • B) Genotype • C) Allele Frequency • D) Gene Frequency

A 27 27) _________is a measure of how common a certain allele is in the population. • A) Gene Pool • B) Genotype • C) Allele Frequency • D) Gene Frequency

Q 28 • 28) Alternative versions of genes are called __________. • A) Phenotypes • B) Alleles • C) Frequencies • D) Mutations • E) Fluxuants •

A 28 • 28) Alternative versions of genes are called __________. • A) Phenotypes • B) Alleles • C) Frequencies • D) Mutations • E) Fluxuants

Q 29 29) ________is favored during Stabilizing Selection? • A) Both extreme phenotypes • B) an Intermediate Phenotype • C) one extreme of a trait’s range

A 29 29) ________is favored during Stabilizing Selection? • A) Both extreme phenotypes • B) an Intermediate Phenotype • C) one extreme of a trait’s range

Q 30 • 30) Small-scale changes in a population’s genes is known as __________ • A) Macroevolution • B) Microevolution • C)Coevolution

A 30 • 30) Small-scale changes in a population’s genes is known as __________ • A) Macroevolution • B) Microevolution • C)Coevolution

Q 31 • 31) ___________selection tends to eliminate one extreme in a range of phenotypes. • A) Directional B) natural C) Stabilizing D) Disruptive E) Convergent

A 31 • 31) ___________selection tends to eliminate one extreme in a range of phenotypes. • A) Directional B) natural C) Stabilizing D) Disruptive E) Convergent

Q 32 • 32) In what type of distribution is the frequency the highest near the mean value & decreases toward each end of the range? • A) Directional • B) normal distribution C) Stabilizing D) Disruptive E) Natural •

A 32 • 32) In what type of distribution is the frequency the highest near the mean value & decreases toward each end of the range? • A) Directional • B) normal distribution C) Stabilizing D) Disruptive E) Natural