CHAPTER 10 THE UNION IN PERIL BEFORE DURING

CHAPTER 10: THE UNION IN PERIL BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER THE CIVIL WAR 1850 -1877

THE SOUTH BEFORE THE WAR Family working the cotton field on a Plantation • Rural plantation economy • Relied on slave labor • “Peculiar Institution” created tension • Southerners feared that the loss of slavery would mean lose of culture

• • THE NORTH BEFORE THE WAR The North had a more diverse economy Industry flourished Openly opposed slavery in the South and the new territories More urbanized than South BOSTON HARBOR

Sectionalism • States begin to ban together based on basic ideas. • Causes country to start to separate.

California Statehood • California Gold Rush • Population boom let CA apply directly for statehood. • Slave State or Free State? • CA would upset the “Balance of Power” between the sections

How was the bill passed? Stephen Douglas Popular Sovereignty Let new state decide on slavery State Votes

Compromise of 1850 • California enter as free state. • Popular Sovereignty in rest of Mexican Secession. • Slave Trade ended in Washington D. C.

History Alive USH 8 -5, Activity 2. 1, Slide G

FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT • Under the FEDERAL law, runaway slaves were not entitled to a trial by jury • Anyone helping a slave escape was jailed for 6 months and fined $1, 000 • Northerners were upset by the harshness of the new law and often helped hide fugitive slaves A HARSH FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW FURTHER INCREASED TENSIONS

History Alive USH 8 -5, Activity 2. 1, Slide H

Underground Railroad Is the whistle that is located on trains that travel on the underground railroad loud?

Definition • A network of secret routes and safe houses used by slaves to escape to free states and Canada with the help of aboitionist.

Harriet Tubman • Most famous conductor • She made 13 trips to the south to help slaves • She helped free over 70 slaves.

Terms • Station Master – People who hide slaves in their homes • Passangers – Slaves • Stations – Hiding Spots • Conductor – Guides

Signals • Lanterns identified safe houses. • Songs-Slave masters thought they were religious but most of the time they had meaning. • Quilt-Patterns depicted different things • North Star – Follow the star to freedom • Sailboat – Body of water ahead or boat use.