Chapter 10 Respiratory System ROOTS Naso rhino nose

Chapter 10 Respiratory System

ROOTS • • • Naso, rhino- nose Oro- mouth Stetho, thoraco- chest Bronchi, broncho- bronchus Bronchiolo- bronchiolus Laryngo- larynx Pharyngo- pharynx Pleura- pleural membranes of the lungs Pneuma, pneumo, pneumato, pneumono, pulmo- lungs Tracheo- trachea

Components of the Respiratory System • • Nose Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs Thorax Diaphragm

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEM DEPEND ON ONE ANOTHER

BREATHING • _______/________: Inhaled oxygen fills the lungs where the RBCs pick it up and bring it to the cells of the body via the pumping action of the heart. • _______/________: Oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide which is transported back to the lungs by the blood and exhaled from the body.

Oxygen/Carbon Dioxide Exchange

Capillary Beds

O 2 CO 2 Exchange

NOSE • Entrance for _____, exit for ____. • Nose and respiratory tract are lined with ______________ mucosa which filters out dust and foreign matter. • Nose _____ and _______ the entering air • Mucosa has ______ receptors for _______. (_____________________) • _______ are the openings to the airways (nostrils) • _________ AND _____________ vary with species – _____ has very pliable and expandable nostrils (no _______ breathing)

Gettin’ Nosey

PHARYNX – (THROAT) • Communicates with the _____ chambers, _______________ tubes and ______. • Upper portion is attached to base of ____, lower portion unites with _________. • 3 parts: ___________(nose) ___________(mouth) ___________ (larynx) • Passageway for _____ and ______

EUSTACHIAN TUBE (pharyngotympanic tube) Serves to equalize pressure on both sides of tympanic membrane.

LARYNX • “_______” and passageway for air • Located “______” (caudal to) pharynx • _________Cartilaginous structure that prevents _______ from entering the ______ during ________. • Sound is produced by air passing through the ______ (vocal folds & space) at the _________ causing vibrations. • Phonation • _____= Organ in birds that produces sound

BIRDS - SYRINX Birds: SYRINX (trachea > bronchi)

TRACHEA • “______” • Tube of _____ muscle and C-shaped rings of ________. – Rings help to prevent ______ • Stretches from ______ to _______. – lined with ______ membrane.

Collapsing Trachea

BRONCHI • The C-shaped rings continue from the trachea and become ______ rings as they enter the _____. • Trachea divides into the – _______ on the right and left sides as they enter the lungs • site of division is called the ________ • Lined with _______ mucous membrane – Further divide into the ______ bronchi which branch into – ______(which further branch into even smaller bronchioles) – Aveolar ducts terminate into ___________: walls composed of MANY ALVEOLI (________, __________-lined spaces) • ______ and ____ are exchanged in the _____sacs • No rings in alveolar ducts, sacs, or alveoli

LUNGS • Primary structures of ________ system – Base lies on cranial surface of _________. – Contain _______ (most species: _____ Left = cranial, caudal lobes; ____ Right = cranial, middle, caudal, accessory) – Very light and spongy consistency – Paired; contain hundreds of millions of _____ and ________. – Function = ___________

Lobes of the Lungs

LUNGS • Encased in ____________ (a serous membrane) • Thoracic cavity lined with ______ pleura. – Membranes reduces _______ during respiration – Space between is _______ cavity or _______ space

THORAX • ______ cavity; ____ cavity • ________ membranes divide it into right and left pleural cavities. • ___________ • Area between the lungs • Contains the heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, nerves, arteries, veins, lymph vessels and lymph nodes

MEDIASTINUM

DIAPHRAGM • Thin sheet of ______ muscle that separates the _______ and _________cavities. • Dome-shaped when ______; flat when ___________. • Attaches to ______ vertebrae, lower ribs, and _______. • Most important muscle of respiration – Inspiration = contracted, flattened, lowered – Expiration = relaxed, raised

DIAPHRAGM