Chapter 10 Nervous System Lesson 1 Central nervous

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Chapter 10 Nervous System Lesson 1 Central nervous system—CNS Peripheral nervous system—PNS Autonomic nervous

Chapter 10 Nervous System Lesson 1 Central nervous system—CNS Peripheral nervous system—PNS Autonomic nervous system Sympathetic Parasympathetic Neuron Ganglia Astrocytes Microglia Oligodendroglia Journal question: What is the function and basic structure of the nervous system? Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1

Chapter Goals Name, locate, and describe major organs of the nervous system and their

Chapter Goals Name, locate, and describe major organs of the nervous system and their functions. Learn nervous system combining forms and use them with suffixes and prefixes. Define pathological conditions affecting the nervous system. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2

Chapter Goals (cont’d) Describe laboratory tests, clinical procedures, and abbreviations that pertain to the

Chapter Goals (cont’d) Describe laboratory tests, clinical procedures, and abbreviations that pertain to the system. Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical terms in the proper contexts, such as medical reports and records. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 3

Lesson Objectives Name, locate, and describe the functions of the major organs and parts

Lesson Objectives Name, locate, and describe the functions of the major organs and parts of the nervous system. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 4

Introduction Nervous system: Complex: 10 billion nerve cells Voluntary and involuntary functions Carries electrical

Introduction Nervous system: Complex: 10 billion nerve cells Voluntary and involuntary functions Carries electrical messages External and internal receptors Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 5

Introduction (cont’d) Nerve cells: Microscopic Collected into macroscopic nerves Carry electrical messages all over

Introduction (cont’d) Nerve cells: Microscopic Collected into macroscopic nerves Carry electrical messages all over the body Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 6

General Structure of the Nervous System Two major divisions: Central nervous system—CNS Brain Ø

General Structure of the Nervous System Two major divisions: Central nervous system—CNS Brain Ø Spinal cord Ø Peripheral nervous system—PNS cranial nerves Ø spinal nerves Ø Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 7

General Structure of the Nervous System (cont’d) Cranial and spinal nerves Sensory nerves carry

General Structure of the Nervous System (cont’d) Cranial and spinal nerves Sensory nerves carry messages toward the brain. Ø Motor nerves carry messages from the brain. Ø Mixed nerves carry both sensory and motor fibers. Ø Sensory receptors Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 8

General Structure of the Nervous System (cont’d) Autonomic nervous system: Carries impulses from the

General Structure of the Nervous System (cont’d) Autonomic nervous system: Carries impulses from the central nervous system to organs. Sympathetic nerves stimulate body under stress. Parasympathetic nerves balance sympathetic system. Slow heart rate Ø Lower blood pressure Ø Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 9

Divisions of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by

Divisions of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10

Neurons, Nerves, and Glia Neuron = individual nerve cell Dendrite Cell nucleus Axon Myelin

Neurons, Nerves, and Glia Neuron = individual nerve cell Dendrite Cell nucleus Axon Myelin sheath Ø Neurilemma Ø Terminal end fibers (secrete neurotransmitters) Neurotransmitters transfer impulse across synapse Ganglia = small clusters of nerve cell bodies Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 11

Neurons, Nerves, and Glia (cont’d) Label the parts of a neuron, and review the

Neurons, Nerves, and Glia (cont’d) Label the parts of a neuron, and review the path of a nervous impulse. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 12

Neurons, Nerves, and Glia (cont’d) The image shows the parts of a neuron. Review

Neurons, Nerves, and Glia (cont’d) The image shows the parts of a neuron. Review the path of a nervous impulse. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 13

Neurons, Nerves, and Glia (cont’d) Glia cells: Maintain health of nervous system Do not

Neurons, Nerves, and Glia (cont’d) Glia cells: Maintain health of nervous system Do not transmit impulses Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 14

Neurons, Nerves, and Glia (cont’d) Three types: Astrocytes (astroglial cells) Microglia (microglial cells) Oligodendroglia

Neurons, Nerves, and Glia (cont’d) Three types: Astrocytes (astroglial cells) Microglia (microglial cells) Oligodendroglia (oligodendroglial cells) Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 15

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