Chapter 10 Lesson 10 2 Cerebrum Cerebellum Thalamus

Chapter 10 Lesson 10. 2 Cerebrum Cerebellum Thalamus Hypothalamus Pons Medulla oblongata Journal question: What are some neurological disorders that you are familiar with? Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1

Chapter Goals Name, locate, and describe major organs of the nervous system and their functions. Learn nervous system combining forms and use them with suffixes and prefixes. Define pathological conditions affecting the nervous system. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2

The Brain (cont’d) Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier

The Brain (cont’d) Cerebrum Is the largest section of brain Ø Surface nerve cells called cerebral cortex Ø Manages speech, vision, smell, movement, hearing, and thought Ø Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 4

The Brain (cont’d) Cerebellum Coordinates voluntary movements Ø Maintains balance Ø Thalamus Ø Integrates and monitors impulses from skin (pain) Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 5

The Brain (cont’d) Hypothalamus Controls body temperature, sleep, appetite, sexual desire, and emotions Ø Regulates release of hormones from pituitary gland Ø Monitors sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems Ø Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 6

The Brain (cont’d) The Brainstem Pons Bridges cerebrum and cerebellum with rest of the brain Ø Houses nerves for face and eyes Ø Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 7

The Brain (cont’d) The Brainstem Medulla oblongata Connects spinal cord to brain Ø Nerve tracts from side to side Ø Regulates: • Blood vessels • Heart • Respiratory system Ø Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 8

The Spinal Cord and Meninges Spinal cord Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders,

The Spinal Cord and Meninges (cont’d) Meninges Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders,

Vocabulary acetylcholine afferent nerve arachnoid membrane astrocyte autonomic nervous system Copyright © 2011, 2008,

Vocabulary (cont’d) axon blood-brain barrier brainstem cauda equina cell body Copyright © 2011, 2008,

Vocabulary (cont’d) central nervous system cerebellum cerebral cortex cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cerebrum Copyright ©

Vocabulary (cont’d) dendrite dura mater ependymal cell efferent nerve ganglion/ganglial cell or neuroglial cell gyrus Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 14

Vocabulary (cont’d) hypothalamus medulla oblongata meninges microglial cell motor nerve myelin sheath Copyright ©

Vocabulary (cont’d) nerve neuron neurotransmitter oligodendroglial cell parasympathetic nerves parenchyma peripheral nervous system Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 16

Vocabulary (cont’d) pia mater plexus pons receptor sciatic nerve sensory nerve spinal nerves Copyright

Vocabulary (cont’d) stimulus/stimuli stroma sulcus sympathetic nerves synapse thalamus vagus nerve ventricles of the brain Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 18

QUICK QUIZ: 1. A sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded fold on the surface of the cerebellum A. B. C. D. microglial gyrus parenchyma stroma Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 19

QUICK QUIZ: 1. A sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded fold on the surface of the cerebellum A. B. C. D. microglial gyrus parenchyma stroma Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 20

QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d) 2. The thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges A. B. C. D. pia mater dura mater parenchyma stroma Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 21

QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d) 2. The thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges A. B. C. D. pia mater dura mater parenchyma stroma Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 22

Terminology ORGANS AND STRUCTURES Combining Form. Meaning cerebell/o cerebr/o dur/o encephal/o gli/o cerebellum cerebrum dura mater brain glial cells Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 23

Terminology (cont’d) ORGANS AND STRUCTURES Combining Form lept/o mening/o, meningi/o myel/o neur/o Meaning thin, slender membranes, meninges muscle spinal cord nerve Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 24

Terminology (cont’d) ORGANS AND STRUCTURES Combining Form. Meaning pont/o radicul/o thalam/o thec/o vag/o pons nerve root thalamus sheath (refers to meninges) vagus nerve Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 25

Terminology (cont’d) SYMPTOMS Combining Form Meaning alges/o, -algesia -algia caus/o comat/o esthesi/o, -esthesia kines/o, -kinesia excessive sensitivity to pain burning deep sleep feeling, nervous sensation movement Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 26

Terminology (cont’d) SYMPTOMS Combining Form -kinesis, kinetic -lepsy lex/o -paresis -phasia Meaning movement seizure word, phrase slight paralysis speech Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 27

Terminology (cont’d) SYMPTOMS Combining Form -plegia -praxia -sthenia syncop/o tax/o Meaning paralysis action strength cut off order, coordination Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 28

QUICK QUIZ: 3. Which term means nerve pain? A. B. C. D. cephalgia analgesia

QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d) 4. Which type of hematoma occurs between the skull and the dura as a result of a ruptured meningeal artery, usually after a fracture of the skull? A. B. C. subdural epidural intracerebral Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 31

QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d) 4. Which type of hematoma occurs between the skull and the dura as a result of a ruptured meningeal artery, usually after a fracture of the skull? A. B. C. subdural epidural intracerebral Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 32