Chapter 10 Kayla Mendez Olivia Conyedo Samuel Moreno

Chapter 10 Kayla Mendez, Olivia Conyedo, Samuel Moreno, Michael Robinson, Kayden Gomez, Aidan Fundora

sson 1: A New Party in Power In the election of 1800, President Adams was supported by the Federalists to run a second term and Charles Pickney for vice president, While the Republicans nominated Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr. The vote was tied between Jefferson and Burr so it was up to the house of representatives to decide. Federalists in the house tried to keep Jefferson from becoming president, until one federalist decided to vote for him. Congress passed the twelfth amendment in 1803 to prevent another tie. After Jefferson was inaugurated, he limited the amount of federal government workers to a few hundred as well as get rid of most federal taxes. During his last few days of his term, John Adams used the Judiciary act of 1801 to make hundreds of appointments. He also asked John Marshall to serve as chief justice, who would then serve for a 34 year term.

Lesson 2: The Louisiana Purchase Westward, Ho! ● In 1800, the United States territory is far West, close to the Mississipi River, it was known as The Louisiana Territory. It belonged to Spain. This was a very large terrain of land it goes all the way south to the city of New Orleans and west to the Rocky Mountains.

Lesson 2 ● ● They traveled with rifles and axes. Rifles for protection and food, and axes to cut through wood. Farmers made farms, and needed to have access to the Mississippi River to load ships with goods and trade them to New Orleans. Once New Orleans, the goods sent from the Mississippi River are loaded onto other ships and were sent to markets on the East Coast. This land was owned by the Spanish, but they allowed these economic trades.

Lesson 2 The French Threat ● The Spanish continued to let trades into these areas, until in 1802, he suddenly changed their policy. Jefferson found out that Spain and France had secretly agreed to transfer the Louisiana Territory to France. Jefferson had also believed that France was also going to get Florida. ● Jefferson was alarmed and told everyone and everyone agreed that this was a threat to us. Napoleon Bonaparte, France’s leader, had plans to create empires in Europe and the Americas. Congress sent Robert Livingston to France to try and offer more than 2$ million for New Orleans and West Florida to gain their territory.

Lesson 2 Napoleon and Santo Domingo ● Napoleon dreamed of having a Western empire. He saw an island in Santo Domingo, this island was the Caribbean. He thought that it would be the start of his new empire, but his dreams ended shortly. It was the events going on in Santo Domingo, Toussaint L’Ouverture led enslaved africans and laborers in Santo Domingo into a war against the island’s plantation owners. The rebels won and L’Ouverture has established a new independent republic government. ● In 1802, Napoleon sent troops to regain the power of Santo Domingo. They were NOT successful. In 1804, the French were driven out of Santo Domingo, and the country took its original name, Haiti.

Lesson 2 ● Napoleon needed money to finance the cost of the war against Britain. In order to get money, he sold the Louisiana Territory. Robert Livingston and James Monroe heard about the offer and were surprised, they couldn’t accept such an offer. ● If they pass this amazing offer, they would have missed out on a lot of benefits. Parties then agreed for it to be 15$ million after days of negotiating. ● On the other hand, Jefferson worried that this might not be legal. But the Constitution didn’t say anything about this. Jefferson thinks about making an amendment but couldn’t just make that giant step, so he decided to use the president-treaty making powers to accept the purchase of the

Lesson 2 (When Toussaint L'Ouverture defeated the French in Haiti, the French lost interest in Louisiana. )

Lesson 2 The lewis and clark expedition ● Jefferson persuaded congress to sponsor an expedition to gather information about the land west of the mississippi. The expedition had another goal. americans were trying to find a water route across north america. ● Meriwether lewis was chosen by jefferson to lead the expedition. William clark was the co- leader of the expedition. Clark brought along york, an enslaved african american. York was helpful building ties with native americans. ● In the spring of 1804, the expedition left st. louis and worked its way up to the missouri river.

Lesson 2 Pike's expedition Lieutenant zebulon pink led two expeditions between 1805 and 1807. From pikes travel americans learned about the great plains and rocky mountains. A federalist plan to secede Federalists feared the louisiana purchase would weaken new england's power in political and economic affairs.

Lesson 2 In massachusetts a group of federalists plotted to with draw form the union. New england would become the Northern confederacy. They realized they need new york as well as new england. They turned to Aaron burr to help them. Hamilton and burr duel Alexander hamilton accused burr of plotting treason. Burr was suffering setbacks in his political career so he blamed hamilton and challenged him to duel. In july 1804 they both met in new jersey armed with pistols. hamilton pledged not to shoot burr ignored that and shoot him. The next day hamilton died.

Lesson 3: Time of Conflict In 1785 the ship empress of china returned to new York from china. The ship’s cargo of tea and silk sold for a great profit. In the mid-1790’s, France and Britain were at war. American merchants took advantage of this. by 1800, the united states had almost 1, 000 merchant ships trading around the world. The practice of piracy, or robbery on the seas, made some foreign waters dangerous. Pirates terrorized European ships sailing on the Mediterranean sea. Pirates demanded that governments pay tribute, or protection money, to allow their country’s ships to pass safely. The barbary states also demanded that the united states pay tribute. In 1801, the ruler of Tripoli asked the united states for even more money. Jefferson refused to pay so Tripoli declared war.

● In 1804, pirates seized the U. S warship Philadelphia. They towed the ship into Tripoli Harbor and threw the crew into jail. Stephen Decatur, a 25 year old U. S Navy captain, took action. He slipped into the heavily guarded harbor with a small raiding party. Decatur burned the captured ship to prevent the pirates from using it. a British admiral praised the deed as the “most bold and daring act of the age". The war ended with the signing of a peace treaty in June 1805. Tripoli agreed to stop demanding tribute, but the United states had to pay $60, 000 for the release of the prisoners. ● Thomas Jefferson won reelection in 1804. Great Britain and France were fighting a war that threatened to interfere with American trade. By 1805, however, Britain and France were each trying to block the other from trading with the United States. Britain blockaded the French coast and threatened to search all ships trading with France.

● The British desperately needed sailors fast. They began stopping American ships an forcing the people on to join the British navy. In June 1807, the British warship the Leopard stopped the American vessel The Chesapeake. The Leopard’s captain said to search the ships but the Chesapeake’s captain refused so the British opened fire. When news of the attacks, Americans reacted with an anti-British fury. James Madison called the attack an outrage but president Jefferson wanted to avoid war. ● Jefferson banned some trade with Britain. After the attack on the Chesapeake, he took stronger measures. Congress passed the Embargo Act in December 1807. The embargo of 1807 was a disaster. With ships confined to their harbors, unemployment rose in New England. Without European markets, the south could not sell march its tobacco or cotton. The price for wheat fell in he West, and river traffic stopped Act in 1809. In its place, it passed the Non intercourse act.

Lesson 3: A Time of Conflict The Election of 1808 ● Thomas Jefferson, made it clear that he would not be a candidate for a third term. The Republicans chose James Madison from Virginia as their candidate. The Federalists hoped that voter anger over the embargo would help them win. They nominated Charles Pinckney. Madison won the presidency with 122 electoral votes. Pinckney received just 47 votes. War at Home and Abroad ● James Madison took office as president under unfavorable conditions. The nation was involved in the embargo crisis, and Britain continued to halt American ships. Cries for war with Britain grew louder.

Lesson 3: A Time of Conflict War Looms ● ● In 1810 Congress passed a new trade law. It would permit direct trade with either France or Britain, depending on which country first lifted its trade restrictions, or limits, against the United States. The British took no action, but Napoleon acted quickly, promising to end France's trade restrictions. In spite of that promise, the French continued to seize and sell American ships. Broken Treaties ● Madison also received conflicts about problems in the West. Ohio had become a state in 1803. White settlers wanted more land in the Ohio River valley. Native Americans had already gave away millions of acres. Now the settlers were moving onto lands that were guaranteed to Native Americans by treaty.

Tecumseh Meets the Governor Lesson 3: A Time of Conflict ● ● ● As tensions grew, some Native Americans resigned their contracts with British agents and fur traders in Canada. Other Native Americans made a new strategy. Tecumseh, a powerful Shawnee chief, tried to build a alliance among Native American nations in the Northwest. Tecumseh wanted to stop white movement into Native American lands. He believed that a strong alliance—with the backing of the British in Canada—could achieve that goal. Working alongside Tecumseh was his brother, Tenskwatawa. Known as the Prophet, Tenskwatawa urged Native Americans to return to their ancient customs. His message gained a large following. He founded Prophetstown in northern Indiana, near where the Tippecanoe and Wabash Rivers meet. ● The governor of the Indiana Territory, William Henry Harrison, became alarmed by the growing power of the two Shawnee brothers. Fearing that they would form an alliance with the British, Harrison sent Tecumseh a letter. He warned Tecumseh that the United States had more warriors than all the Indian nations combined. Tecumseh replied to Harrison in person.

Lesson 3: A Time of Conflict The War Hawks Call for War ● Tecumseh replied in person saying, "Since the peace was made, you have killed some Shawnees, Delawares and Winnebagoes. You have taken land from us and I do not see how we can remain at peace if you continue to do so. You try to force red people to do some injury. It is you that are pushing them on to some mischief. . You try to prevent the Indians from doing as they wish—to unite and let them consider their lands common property of the whole. " The Battle of Tippecanoe ● The Battle of Tippecanoe was a victory for the Americans. Yet it came at a price. After his group’s defeat, Tecumseh joined forces with the British. ● ● Meanwhile, President Madison faced demands for a more intensive policy toward Britain. The loudest voices came from a group of young Republican congress members known as the War Hawks. Led by Henry Clay of Kentucky and John Calhoun of South Carolina. The War Hawks supported increases in military spending and were driven by hunger for land. War Hawks from the West wanted the fertile forests of southern Canada, whereas the southerners wanted Spanish Florida.

Lesson 3: A Time of Conflict The Eve of War ● ● By the spring of 1812, Madison knew that he could no longer avoid war with Britain. In a message to Congress on June 1, Madison asked them to declare war. The British had already decided to end their policy of search and seizure of American ships. Once set in motion, the war machine could not be stopped. Questions: 1. Was the Battle of Tippecanoe a victory for the Americans? 1. When did Ohio become a state?

Lesson 4: The War of 1812 ● The American army was very weak or unprepared, they had fewer than 12, 000 soldiers and 5, 000 of the were new recruits. ● Also, there was the state militias, who had between 50, 000 to 100, 000 poorly trained soldiers. ● In June 1812, the war began, General William Hull led the American army from Detroit to Canada. ● On their way to Canada they met Tecumseh and his warriors, fearing the Native Americans, General Hull surrendered Detroit to the British.

● Oliver Hazard Perry, commander of the Lake Erie naval forces, was to assemble a fleet and ● ● ● ● ● seize the lake from the British. The showdown came on September 15, 1813, the British ships sailed out to face the Americans. Perry and his ships destroyed the British naval force. After the defeat the British and their native Americans allies decided to move from the Detroit area. However, when trying to escape, Harrison and his troops killed Tecumseh in the battle of the Thames. In march 1814, Andrew Jackson led U. S forces in an attack on the Creeks in the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. More than 550 Creek people died in that battle and were forced to give up most of their lands. In august 1814, the British sailed into Chesapeake Bay and launched an attack on Washington D. C, British overpowered the American militia. An American naval force on the lake defeated the British fleet in September 1814. In December 1814, American and British representatives met in Ghent, Belgium, to sign a peace agreement. The Treaty of Ghent did not change any existing borders. On January 8, 1815, the British advanced on New Orleans, were Andrew Jackson and his troops waited for them. Andrew Jackson became a hero whose fame help him win the presidency in 1828. Americans felt a new sense of patriotism and a strong national identity after the war of 1812.

1. What Act passed in 1801, what did it do? 7. The United States territory that is far West, close to the Mississippi River is called? 2. 3. How many Electors voted for Jefferson / Burr in 1800? What party favored Adams & Pickney? 8. In what year did the Americans moved west, in the search of land adventure? 9. When did Ohio become a state? 10. Use FIGATE in a Sentence. 4. 5. 6. why did federalist fear the louisiana purchase? who did Jefferson choose to lead the expedition? 11. What did the trade law passed in 1810 do? 12. When was the treaty of Ghent signed? 13. What year did the Americans win the Battle of Lake Champlain? Was the Battle of Tippecanoe a victory for the Americans? 14. Why did the native Americans break up after Tecumseh died? 15. What were one of the advantages for the Americans in the war?