Chapter 10 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Alkanes 10

Isomers of Butane Isomers • have the same molecular formula. • have different atom

Alkyl groups are • alkanes that are missing one H. • substituents attached to

Naming Substituents TABLE 10. 6 In the IUPAC system, • a carbon branch is

Alkanes with Substituents CH 3 CH CH 3 methylpropane methyl groups CH 3 CH

Naming Alkanes Give the name of STEP 1 CH 3─CH─CH─CH 3 Name the longest

Naming Alkanes Give the name of STEP 2 CH 3─CH─CH─CH 3 Number chain. CH

Learning Check Write the name of Cl CH 3─CH 2─CH─CH─CH 3 8

Solution STEP 1 Longest chain is pentane. STEP 2 Number chain from end nearest

Learning Check Give the IUPAC name for each of the following: A. CH 3

Solution A. CH 3 | | CH 3─CH─CH 2 ─CH─CH 3 1 B. 2

Learning Check Draw the condensed structural formula for 2 -bromo-4 -chlorobutane. 12

Solution 2 -bromo-4 -chlorobutane STEP 1 Longest chain has 4 carbon atoms. C─C─C─C STEP

Naming Cycloalkanes with Substituents The name of a substituent is placed in front of

Learning Check Name each of the following. 1. 2. CH 3 CH 2─CH 3

Solution Name each of the following. 1. methylcyclopropane 2. ethylcyclohexane 16

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Chapter 10 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes 10. 3 Alkanes with Substituents 1

Isomers of Butane Isomers • have the same molecular formula. • have different atom arrangements. • of butane (C 4 H 10) are a straight chain and a branched chain. 2

Alkyl groups are • alkanes that are missing one H. • substituents attached to carbon chains. • named with a –yl ending. H H H C CH 3 H H H C C H H CH 3 methyl CH 2 ethyl 3

Naming Substituents TABLE 10. 6 In the IUPAC system, • a carbon branch is named as an alkyl group. • halogen atoms are named as halo. 4

Alkanes with Substituents CH 3 CH CH 3 methylpropane methyl groups CH 3 CH CH 2 CH CH 3 2, 4 -dimethylpentane 5

Naming Alkanes Give the name of STEP 1 CH 3─CH─CH─CH 3 Name the longest continuous chain. CH 3─CH─CH─CH 3 butane 6

Naming Alkanes Give the name of STEP 2 CH 3─CH─CH─CH 3 Number chain. CH 3─CH─CH─CH 3 1 2 3 4 STEP 3 Locate substituents and name. 2, 3 -dimethylbutane 7

Learning Check Write the name of Cl CH 3─CH 2─CH─CH─CH 3 8

Solution STEP 1 Longest chain is pentane. STEP 2 Number chain from end nearest substituent. Cl CH 3─CH 2─CH─CH─CH 3 5 4 3 2 1 STEP 3 Locate substituents and name alphabetically. 3 -chloro-2 -methylpentane 9

Solution A. CH 3 | | CH 3─CH─CH 2 ─CH─CH 3 1 B. 2 3 4 2, 4 -dimethylpentane 5 Cl CH 3 more substituents = C 3 | | CH 3─CH 2─CH─CH 2─CH 3 | Cl 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 3, 5 -dichloro-3 -methylheptane 11

Learning Check Draw the condensed structural formula for 2 -bromo-4 -chlorobutane. 12

Solution 2 -bromo-4 -chlorobutane STEP 1 Longest chain has 4 carbon atoms. C─C─C─C STEP 2 Number chain and add substituents. Br C ─ C ─ Cl 1 2 3 4 STEP 3 Add hydrogen to complete 4 bonds to each C. Br CH 3─CH─CH 2─Cl 13

Naming Cycloalkanes with Substituents The name of a substituent is placed in front of the cycloalkane name. methylcyclobutane chlorocyclopentane CH 3 Cl 14

Learning Check Name each of the following. 1. 2. CH 3 CH 2─CH 3 15

Solution Name each of the following. 1. methylcyclopropane 2. ethylcyclohexane 16