Chapter 10 ErrorControl Coding Figure 10 1 Examples

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Chapter 10 Error-Control Coding

Chapter 10 Error-Control Coding

Figure 10. 1 Examples of detectable and undetectable error patterns for two-dimensional parity-check code.

Figure 10. 1 Examples of detectable and undetectable error patterns for two-dimensional parity-check code. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2

Figure 10. 2 An example illustrating how checksum generator and checker work. Copyright ©

Figure 10. 2 An example illustrating how checksum generator and checker work. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 3

Figure 10. 3 An example illustrating how the CRC generator and checker work. Copyright

Figure 10. 3 An example illustrating how the CRC generator and checker work. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 4

Figure 10. 4 Block diagram for an ARQ system. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc.

Figure 10. 4 Block diagram for an ARQ system. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 5

Figure 10. 5 ARQ techniques: (a) stop-and-wait ARQ, (b) go-back-N ARQ, and (c) selective-repeat

Figure 10. 5 ARQ techniques: (a) stop-and-wait ARQ, (b) go-back-N ARQ, and (c) selective-repeat ARQ. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 6

Figure 10. 6 a Encoder and decoder for an (n, k) cyclic code: (a)

Figure 10. 6 a Encoder and decoder for an (n, k) cyclic code: (a) encoder and (b) syndrome calculator. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 7

Figure 10. 6 b Encoder and decoder for an (n, k) cyclic code: (a)

Figure 10. 6 b Encoder and decoder for an (n, k) cyclic code: (a) encoder and (b) syndrome calculator. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 8

Figure 10. 7 A block diagram of an (n, k, K) convolutional encoder. Copyright

Figure 10. 7 A block diagram of an (n, k, K) convolutional encoder. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 9

Figure 10. 8 a Convolutional encoding for Example 10. 10: (a) encoder, (b) state

Figure 10. 8 a Convolutional encoding for Example 10. 10: (a) encoder, (b) state transition diagram, (c) tree diagram, and (d) trellis diagram. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10

Figure 10. 8 b Convolutional encoding for Example 10. 10: (a) encoder, (b) state

Figure 10. 8 b Convolutional encoding for Example 10. 10: (a) encoder, (b) state transition diagram, (c) tree diagram, and (d) trellis diagram. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 11

Figure 10. 8 c Convolutional encoding for Example 10. 10: (a) encoder, (b) state

Figure 10. 8 c Convolutional encoding for Example 10. 10: (a) encoder, (b) state transition diagram, (c) tree diagram, and (d) trellis diagram. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 12

Figure 10. 8 d Convolutional encoding for Example 10. 10: (a) encoder, (b) state

Figure 10. 8 d Convolutional encoding for Example 10. 10: (a) encoder, (b) state transition diagram, (c) tree diagram, and (d) trellis diagram. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 13

Figure 10. 9 Illustrating step in the Viterbi algorithm for Example 10. 11. Copyright

Figure 10. 9 Illustrating step in the Viterbi algorithm for Example 10. 11. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 14

Figure 10. 10 Block diagram of a TCM scheme. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc.

Figure 10. 10 Block diagram of a TCM scheme. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 15

Figure 10. 11 Partitioning of 8 -PSK constellation for Example 10. 12. Copyright ©

Figure 10. 11 Partitioning of 8 -PSK constellation for Example 10. 12. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 16

Figure 10. 12 Block interleaving: (a) interleaver and (b) deinterleaver. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier

Figure 10. 12 Block interleaving: (a) interleaver and (b) deinterleaver. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 17

Figure 10. 13 Convolutional interleaving: (a) interleaver and (b) deinterleaver. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier

Figure 10. 13 Convolutional interleaving: (a) interleaver and (b) deinterleaver. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 18

Figure 10. 14 Structure of a product code. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All

Figure 10. 14 Structure of a product code. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 19

Figure 10. 15 Block diagram for concatenated coding. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All

Figure 10. 15 Block diagram for concatenated coding. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 20

Figure 10. 16 a Block diagram for turbo coding: (a) encoder and (b) decoder.

Figure 10. 16 a Block diagram for turbo coding: (a) encoder and (b) decoder. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 21

Figure 10. 16 b Block diagram for turbo coding: (a) encoder and (b) decoder.

Figure 10. 16 b Block diagram for turbo coding: (a) encoder and (b) decoder. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 22