Chapter 10 Delivering your Speech Adding Things to

Chapter 10 Delivering your Speech 常姗姗 上海财经大学

Adding Things to Speeches • • • Manner of presentation Vocal inflections Perfectly timed pauses Facial expressions Gestures

Delivering your speech: An overview • How you say something is as important as what you say. • Good speakers chose the right mode of delivery. • Good speakers use their vocal and nonverbal skills effectively.

Selecting the right mode of delivery • Reading from a manuscript • Memorizing from a manuscript • Speaking from an outline

Manuscript Speech • A speech that is written out word for word and read to the audience • When do we read from manuscript? What are the advantages and disadvantages of reading from a manuscript?

Selecting the right mode of delivery: Reading from a manuscript Reading directly from a script or typed speech • Pro: Good formal occasions where exact word choice is important. (For example, an Inaugural address) • Con: Can sound monotone and decreases eye contact with audience

Reciting from Memory • When do we recite a speech? • Pro’s and Con’s

Selecting the right mode of delivery: Memorizing from a manuscript Memorizing a script, word-for-word: Also called Performance • Pro’s • Con’s • Possible to maintain eye contact • Works well if you are skilled at delivery • Can sound fake • If you are not skilled, it does not work well

Selecting the right mode of delivery: Speaking from an outline • This most advantageous method uses a simple outline to jog your memory. • Can take two forms – Extemporaneous: carefully organized, planned, and practiced – Impromptu: called upon to speak without preparation time

Selecting the right mode of delivery: Speaking from an outline All Pros…No Cons • Speaking from an outline will give you wings… • Extemporaneous speaking has many advantages over “performance” style – – Audience connection Conversational tone spontaneity Flexibility/adaptability

Tips for mode of delivery • Tip: Do you have public speaking anxiety? Join the club: Even famous people like Madonna get nervous. In fact 85% of people say they have it. The good news, practice and planning decrease anxiety. • Tip: Performances can sound packaged if not done properly. Audiences respond to speakers who are genuine

Class Activity of SO 1. Tell us how to make new friends 2. You are a mad scientist. Tell us about your latest invention. 3. Convince us that homework is harmful to health. 4. If you were an animal, what would you be? 5. You are a piece of paper, describe how we should use you before you get recycled. 6. If everything in the world had to change to the same color, what color would you choose and why? 7. Tell us about the best dream you’ve ever had. 8. If I were a teacher…

Delivery • Good speakers utilize both vocal and nonverbal skills

Vocal skills: An overview • • Volume Pitch Rate Vocal Variety Projection Articulation Pronunciation Pausing

Vocal delivery skills: Volume • How loud or soft your voice is during delivery • Things to consider – Room size – Audience size – Equipment

Tips for volume • Tip: Be loud enough for the back but do not overwhelm the front. • Tip: Practice with a friend who can tell you how you need to adjust.

Vocal delivery skills: Tone • This involves pitch and inflection—the highs and lows of your voice

Tips for tone: • Tip: Vocal Variety (or varying pitch and inflection) will help keep an audience’s attention • Tip: Vocal Variety also makes you sound more interesting.

Vocal delivery skills: Rate of delivery • Do: – Speak quickly enough to make your speech lively and interesting • Don’t: – Speak so quickly that you become inarticulate – Speed up a long speech to fit a short timeline

Tips for rate of delivery Tip: Speaking too slow is a little worse than speaking too fast, so if you are going to err, err on the side of the hare. Tip: The better you know the speech, the better this will be—so practice.

Vocal delivery skills: Projection • “Booming” your voice to reach all listeners • Maintain good posture

Tips for projection • Tip: Looking up and out at the audience will not only help with projection, but will establish a connection with your audience. (Good posture can help. ) • Tip: Practicing in front of a mirror where you can monitor yourself may help.

Vocal delivery skills: Articulation • The crispness of your spoken words • Express the syllables in your words clearly and distinctly • Don't round off the ends of words or sentences

Tips for articulation • Tip: Be sure your words do not slur into one another. • Tip: Practicing the speech in front of a friend can give you good feedback.

Pronunciation • How correctly you say words • Be careful with names of people or places • Check the pronunciation of troublesome words before your presentation

Tips for pronunciation • Tip: Want to destroy your credibility? Try mispronouncing a word or name from your speech. • Tip: Practice new or difficult words and phrases before your speech.

Vocal delivery skills: Pausing • • • Leaving gaps between words or sentences Use pauses to reinforce your words and create a sense of importance Avoid fill pauses such as “you know” and “um. ”

Tips for pausing • Tip: Ask a friend to listen to your speech and make a noise each time you say Um or Ah. • Tip: Um’s and Ah’s tend to decrease the more you practice.

Nonverbal delivery skills: An overview • • • Eye Contact Gestures Physical Movement Proxemics Personal Appearance

Using nonverbal delivery skills: Eye contact • Looking directly into your listeners’ eyes as they look directly into yours • Helps: – keep audience interest – gauge reactions – establish trust

Tips for eye contact • Tip: Were you told to look at a spot above the wall over the audience’s head? Forget that…be sure to pan the audience trying to make individual eye contact with as many audience members as possible. • Tip: Practice in front of a mirror, while you are checking posture, practice looking at yourself.

Using nonverbal delivery skills: Gestures • Using hand movements to emphasize points in your speech • Use deliberately to add emphasis • Be aware of audience connotations • Be sure verbal and nonverbal match • Try not to use nervous and awkward gestures

Tips for gestures • Tip: Most audiences respond favorably to a speaker’s natural gestures. • Tip: Practicing your speech will help eliminate distracting or contradicting gestures.

Using nonverbal delivery skills: Physical movement • How much or how little you move around while speaking • Use a variety of physical movement • Avoid both standing stock still and pacing too much

Tips for physical movement • Tip: Try leaving the podium during your speech and see how the audience responds. • Tip: Do not overly plan your movements. Keep them extemporaneous so you appear natural, not like you are performing.

Using nonverbal delivery skills: Proxemics • Using space and distance with audience • Be close enough to interact with your audience • Avoid encroaching on personal space

Tips for proxemics • Tip: If you are speaking to a large audience, it’s okay to walk down aisles—this keeps a connection to members in back and sends the message you know your material well. • Tip: Closeness can indicate interest and involvement.

Using nonverbal delivery skills: Physical appearance • The impression you make on your audience through you clothing, jewelry, hairstyle, grooming, etc. • Initial impressions occur before speaking • Wear appropriate clothing • Look presentable

Tips for personal appearance • Tip: Be mindful of how you approach the podium, first impressions may be formed then so do it with confidence. • Tip: Good rule of thumb is to dress one step above your audience.

General tips for delivery • Tip: You may have noticed a theme in these tips—practice. – Practice and preparation are essential to effective speaking. • Tip: Teachers can tell if someone has prepared and practiced. – The longest speeches are usually the ones that are not prepared.