Chapter 10 Cardiovascular Immune and Lymphatic Systems and
- Slides: 70
Chapter 10 Cardiovascular, Immune, and Lymphatic Systems and Blood Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 10 Lesson 10. 1 Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -2
Objectives Identify organs and structures of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems and blood; and the function of the immune system. Define and spell the word parts related to the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems and blood. Define, pronounce and spell disease and disorder terms related to the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems and blood. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -3
Function of the Cardiovascular System Pumps and transports blood throughout the body. It consists of the heart and a closed network of blood vessels made up of arteries, capillaries and vein. The heart pumps blood containing oxygen and nutrients to body tissues through the arteries. The exchange of gases, nutrients and waste between the blood and body tissue takes place in the capillaries. The blood carrying carbon dioxide and waste is carried from the tissues through veins to organs of excretion. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -4
Interior of the Heart Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -5
Types of Blood Vessels Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -6
Cardiovascular System heart: muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a closed fist, located behind the breast bone and between the lungs. The pumping action circulates blood throughout the body. upper chambers: right and left atria lower chambers: right and left ventricles Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -7
Cardiovascular System (cont’d. ) tricuspid valve: located between right atrium and right ventricle mitral valve: located between the left atrium and left ventricle pericardium: two layer sac which facilitates movement of the heart myocardium: middle, thick, muscular layer endocardium: inner lining of the heart Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -8
Cardiovascular System (cont’d. ) blood vessels: tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body arteries: carry blood containing oxygen & other nutrients away from the heart to the body cells except for the pulmonary artery, which carries carbon dioxide and other waste products to the lungs arterioles: smallest arteries aorta: largest artery in the body Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -9
Cardiovascular System (cont’d. ) veins: carry blood containing carbon dioxide and other waste products back to the heart except for the pulmonary vein, which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart venules: smallest veins in the body venae cavae: largest veins in the body capillaries: connect arterioles with venules; exchange of gases takes place in capillaries Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -10
Function of Blood Maintains internal balance in the body. Activities of the blood include transportation such as transporting nutrients, waste, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hormones, protection provided by certain cells that protect the body against microorganisms and regulation by controlling temperature and maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -11
Blood plasma: liquid portion of blood in which cells are suspended cells: formed elements erythrocytes: red blood cells that carry oxygen Ø leukocytes: white blood cells that combat infection Ø thrombocytes (platelets): responsible for aiding in the clotting process Ø Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -12
Function of the Lymphatic System Returns excessive tissue fluid to the blood Absorbs fats and fats soluble vitamins from the small intestine and transports them to the blood. Provides defense against infection Lymphatic vessels. . similar to veins, lymphatic vessels transport lymph from body tissues to the chest where it enters the cardiovascular system. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -13
Lymphatic System Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -14
Lymphatic System (cont’d. ) lymph: transparent, colorless, tissue fluid lymph nodes: small, spherical bodies made up of lymphoid tissue; act as filters in keeping substances such as bacteria from the blood Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -15
Lymphatic System (cont’d. ) spleen: located in the left side of the abdominal cavity between the stomach and the diaphragm; largest lymphatic organ in the body thymus gland: located anterior to the ascending aorta and posterior to the sternum between the lungs; plays an important role in the development of the body’s immune system Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -16
Function of the Immune System protects the body against pathogens (bacteria fungus, and viruses) foreign agents that cause allergic reactions (peanuts) or toxins (insect bites), and abnormal body cells (cancer). has three lines of defense; the first is the prevention of foreign substances from entering the body. Unbroken skin and mucous membranes act as mechanical barriers. Ear wax and saliva act as chemical barriers. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -17
Three lines of defense… Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -18
Combining Forms of the Cardiovascular Immune, and Lymphatic Systems and Blood angi/o aort/o arteri/o atri/o cardi/o lymphaden/o lymph/o myel/o phleb/o plasm/o Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -19
Combining Forms of the Immune, Cardiovascular, and Lymphatic Systems (cont’d. ) splen/o thym/o valv/o, valvul/o ventricul/o Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -20
Combining Forms Used with Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems ather/o ech/o electr/o isch/o therm/o thromb/o Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -21
Prefix brady- Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -22
Suffixes -ac -apheresis -graph -dynia -penia -poiesis -sclerosis Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -23
Similar Suffixes Used in Diagnostic Terms Suffix -gram -graphy Meaning Chapter record, radiographic image 6 instrument used to record; record 10 process of recording, radiographic 5 imaging Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -24
Clicker Question Which of the following means vein? arteri/o b) phleb/o c) valv/o a) Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -25
Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts Cardiovascular System angioma Ø angiostenosis Ø aortic stenosis Ø arteriosclerosis Ø atherosclerosis Ø bradycardia Ø cardiodynia Ø Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -26
Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d. ) Cardiovascular System Ø Ø Ø cardiomegaly cardiomyopathy cardiovalvulitis endocarditis ischemia myocarditis pericarditis phebitis polyarteritis tachycardia thrombophlebitis Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -27
Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d. ) Blood hematoma Ø pancytopenia Ø thrombosis Ø thrombus Ø Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -28
Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts Lymphatic System lymphadenitis Ø lymphadenopathy Ø lymphoma Ø splenomegaly Ø thymoma Ø Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -29
Clicker Question Which of the following is analyzed correctly? cardi/o/dynia b) cardi/odynia c) card/i/odynia a) Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -30
Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts Cardiovascular System Ø Ø Ø acute coronary syndrome (ACS) aneurysm angina pectoris arrhythmia atrial fibrillation cardiac arrest Ø Ø Ø cardiac tamponade coarctation of the aorta congenital heart disease congestive heart failure (CHF) coronary artery disease coronary occlusion Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -31
Aortic Stenosis Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -32
Atrial Fibrillation Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -33
Aneurysm Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -34
Coarctation of the Aorta Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -35
Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts (Cont’d. ) Cardiovascular system deep vein thrombosis (DVT) Ø hypertensive heart disease (HHD) Ø intermittent claudication Ø mitral valve stenosis Ø myocardial infarction Ø peripheral arterial disease Ø rheumatic heart disease Ø varicose veins Ø Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -36
Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts (Cont’d. ) Blood anemia Ø embolus (pl. emboli) Ø hemophilia Ø leukemia Ø Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -37
Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts (con’t) Lymphatic System Hodgkin disease Ø infectious mononucleosis Ø Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -38
Chapter 10 Lesson 10. 2 Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Objectives Define, pronounce and spell surgical terms related to the cardiovascular lymphatic system and blood. Define, pronounce and spell diagnostic terms related to the cardiovascular system. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -40
Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts Cardiovascular system Ø Ø Ø Ø angioplasty atherectomy endarterectomy pericardiocentesis phlebectomy phlebotomy valvuloplasty Lymphatic System splenectomy Ø splenopexy Ø thymectomy Ø Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -41
Surgical Terms Not Built from Word Parts Cardiovascular system Ø Ø Ø aneurysmectomy bone marrow transplant cardiac pacemaker coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) coronary stent embolectomy femoropopliteal bypass implantable cardiac defibrillator intracoronary thrombolytic therapy coronary angioplasty (PTCA) percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -42
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -43
Coronary Stent A B C Stent at site of plaque formation b) Inflated balloon and expanded stent c) Implanted stent a) Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -44
Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -45
Clicker Question Which of the following is performed to remove fatty plaque from an artery? angioplasty b) aneurysectomy c) atherectomy a) Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -46
Surgical Terms Not Built from Word Parts Blood bone marrow aspiration Ø bone marrow biopsy Ø bone marrow transplant Ø Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -47
Bone Marrow Aspiration Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -48
Placement of Defibrillator Paddles Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -49
Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts Cardiovascular System Diagnostic imaging Ø angiography Ø angioscope Ø angioscopy Ø aortogram Ø arteriogram Ø venography Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -50
Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d. ) Cardiovascular System Cardiovascular diagnostic procedures Ø echocardiogram (ECHO) Ø electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG) Ø electrocardiography Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -51
electrocardiogram Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -52
Diagnostic Terms Not Built from Word Parts Cardiovascular System Diagnostic imaging digital subtraction angiography (DSA) Ø Doppler ultrasound Ø exercise stress test Ø computed tomography (SBECT) Ø single-photon emission Ø thallium test Ø transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) Ø Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -53
Diagnostic Terms Not Built from Word Parts (con’t) Cardiovascular System Cardiovascular Studies Ø cardiac catheterization Ø impedance plethysmography (IPC) Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -54
Diagnostic Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d. ) Cardiovascular System Other diagnostic terms Ø Ø Ø auscultation blood pressure percussion pulse sphygmomanometer stethoscope c-reactive protein creatine phosphokinase homocysteine lipid profile troponin Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -55
Measurement of blood pressure Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -56
Clicker Question Which measures the number of times per minute the heart beat is felt on the arterial wall? auscultation b) blood pressure c) pulse a) Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -57
Diagnostic Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d. ) Blood Laboratory coagulation time Ø complete blood count and differential count (CBC and Diff) Ø hematocrit Ø hemoglobin (Hgb) Ø prothrombin time (PT) Ø Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -58
Chapter 10 Lesson 10. 3 Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Objectives Define, pronounce and spell complementary terms related to the cardiovascular, and immune systems and blood. Interpret the meaning of abbreviations presented in the chapter. Interpret, read and comprehend medical language in simulated medical statements and documents. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -60
Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts Cardiovascular system atrioventricular (AV) Ø cardiac Ø cardiogenic Ø cardiologist Ø cardiology Ø hypothermia Ø intravenous Ø phlebologist Ø phlebology Ø Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -61
Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d. ) Blood hematologist Ø hematology Ø hematopoiesis Ø hemolysis Ø hemostasis Ø myeloporesis Ø plasmapheresis Ø thrombolysis Ø Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -62
Clicker Question A patient diagnosed with leukemia would seek treatment from a hematologist b) cardiologist c) phebologist a) Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -63
Complementary Terms Not Built from Word Parts Cardiovascular system Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) diastole extracorporeal extravasation fibrillation heart murmur hypercholesterolemia hyperlipidemia hypertriglyceridemia lipids Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -64
Complementary Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d. ) Cardiovascular system hypertension Ø hypotension Ø lumen Ø occlude Ø systole Ø vasoconstrictor Ø vasodilator Ø venipuncture Ø Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -65
Complementary Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d. ) Blood anticoagulant Ø dyscrasial Ø hemorrhage Ø Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -66
Complementary Terms Not Built from Word Parts, Immune System allergen allergist anaphylaxis antibodies antibiotic antigen autoimmune disease immune immunodeficiency immunologist immunology infection phagocytosis vaccine Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -67
Abbreviations ACS AFib AV BP CABG CAD CBC CCU CHF CPR CRP CPK DSA DVT ECG, EKG ECHO HCT Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -68
Abbreviations (cont’d. ) Hgb HHD ICD IV MI PAD PT RBC SPECT TEE WBC Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -69
Read Medical Terms In Use A 55 -year-old man presented to his doctor with pain in the calf and swelling in the left foot and ankle. Five days before, the patient had traveled by air across the country, spending several hours in a sitting position. He has a history of varicose veins. No previous history of hypertension or thrombophlebitis existed. Physical examination revealed an edematous left lower extremity and a tender calf. The pedal pulse was intact. A Doppler ultrasound was obtained, which revealed deep vein thrombosis. The patient was hospitalized and subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin was begun. Concurrently, Coumadin was started and will continue for 6 months. The oral anticoagulant therapy will be monitored monthly by prothrombin time. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 -70
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