Chapter 10 Capital Assets CAPITAL ASSETS Capital assets

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Chapter 10 Capital Assets

Chapter 10 Capital Assets

CAPITAL ASSETS • Capital assets are long-lived assets that are used in the operations

CAPITAL ASSETS • Capital assets are long-lived assets that are used in the operations of a business and are not intended for sale to customers. • Capital assets are subdivided into two classes: 1. Tangible (with physical substance) 2. Intangible (without physical substance)

TANGIBLE CAPITAL ASSETS Tangible capital assets include: • property, plant and equipment – Land

TANGIBLE CAPITAL ASSETS Tangible capital assets include: • property, plant and equipment – Land improvements – Buildings – Equipment • natural resources such as mineral deposits, oil and gas reserves, and timber

INTANGIBLE CAPITAL ASSETS Intangible capital assets provide future benefits through the special rights and

INTANGIBLE CAPITAL ASSETS Intangible capital assets provide future benefits through the special rights and privileges they convey. Examples: • Patents, copyrights, sports contracts, and trademarks ©

DETERMINING THE COST OF CAPITAL ASSETS • Capital assets are recorded at cost in

DETERMINING THE COST OF CAPITAL ASSETS • Capital assets are recorded at cost in accordance with the cost principle. • Cost consists of all expenditures necessary to 1) acquire the asset and 2) make it ready for its intended use. • These costs include purchase price, freight costs, and installation costs.

MEASUREMENT OF CAPITAL ASSET COST • Cost is measured by the cash paid in

MEASUREMENT OF CAPITAL ASSET COST • Cost is measured by the cash paid in a cash transaction or by the cash equivalent price when non-cash assets are used in payment. • The cash equivalent price is equal to the fair market value of the asset given up or the fair market value of the asset received, whichever is more clearly determinable.

LAND • The cost of Land includes: 1. purchase price 2. closing costs such

LAND • The cost of Land includes: 1. purchase price 2. closing costs such as title and legal fees 3. accrued property taxes and other liens on the land assumed by the purchaser • All necessary costs incurred in making land ready for its intended use are debited to the Land account.

LAND IMPROVEMENTS The cost of land improvements includes all expenditures necessary to make the

LAND IMPROVEMENTS The cost of land improvements includes all expenditures necessary to make the improvements ready for their intended use, such as: 1. parking lots Lighting 2. fencing 3. landscaping 4. lighting Parking Lot

BUILDINGS • The cost of buildings includes all necessary expenditures relating to the purchase

BUILDINGS • The cost of buildings includes all necessary expenditures relating to the purchase or construction of a building. • When a building is purchased, such costs include the purchase price and closing costs. • Costs to make the building ready for its intended use consist of expenditures for remodelling and replacing or repairing the roof, floors, wiring, and plumbing. • When a new building is constructed, cost consists of the contract price plus payments for architects’ fees, building permits, interest payments during construction, and excavation costs.

EQUIPMENT • The cost of equipment consists of the cash purchase price, freight charges,

EQUIPMENT • The cost of equipment consists of the cash purchase price, freight charges, and insurance paid by the purchaser during transit. • Cost includes all expenditures required in assembling, installing, and testing the unit.

BASKET PURCHASE • Allocate cost of a group of assets in proportion to relative

BASKET PURCHASE • Allocate cost of a group of assets in proportion to relative fair market values.

AMORTIZATION • Amortization is the process of allocating to expense the cost of a

AMORTIZATION • Amortization is the process of allocating to expense the cost of a capital asset over its useful (service) life in a rational and systematic manner. • Cost allocation is designed to provide for the proper matching of expenses with revenues in accordance with the matching principle. • During an asset’s life, its usefulness may decline because of wear and tear or obsolescence. • Recognition of amortization does not result in the accumulation of cash for the replacement of the asset. • Land is the only capital asset that is not amortized.

FACTORS IN CALCULATING AMORTIZATION

FACTORS IN CALCULATING AMORTIZATION