Chapter 10 Bleeding Bloodaverage blood volume in an

Chapter 10 Bleeding

Blood-average blood volume in an adult is 10 -12 pints. • Only 2. 5 percent of people in NJ donate blood. We need more blood. Delicious snacks will be provided.

3 functions of blood • 1. transports oxygen, nutrients and wastes • 2. protects against disease by producing antibodies and defends against pathogens. • 3. maintain body temperature

Components of Blood • Liquid part of bloodplasma. Makes up half of total blood volume. • Function of plasmanutrients for energy, growth and cell maintenance, carries wastes and transports other blood components.

Solid components of blood • Red blood cells-produced in marrow of bones. • Function-transport oxygen from lungs to the body cells and carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs.

White blood cells • Function-disease fighting part of the immune system. • Aid in producing antibodies that help body fight infection.

Platelets • Disk-shaped fragments that are made up of cell fragments. • Function-main component for clotting because they bind together.

3 Major types of blood vessels • • • Arteries Carotid Brachial Radial Femoral Dorsalis pedis • Veins • Capillaries

Capillaries Link arteries and veins-Teeny tiny! Function-transfer oxygen and other nutrients from the blood into the cells. Pick up waste products from cells and move them to veins.

Arteries • Carry blood away from heart • Travels faster and under pressure”pumps” • Bright red blood.

Veins • Carry blood to heart • Carry waste products from the cells • Bleeding flows steadily without spurting, easier to control. • Dark red or maroon in color

Capillaries • • Most common type of bleeding Easy to control Oozes from the wound Paler red in color than arterial bleeding

External bleeding • Occurs when a blood vessel is opened by tearing the skin. • Treatment-check scene and victim, ask permission, call 911(if needed), put on gloves, apply direct pressure with a sterile bandage, elevate extremity, compress main artery if necessary. Apply extra bandages ON TOP OF EXISTING BANDAGE.

Internal bleeding • Escape of blood from veins, arteries or capillaries. • Signs and Symptoms-swelling, rigidity, anxiety, weak and rapid pulse, rapid breathing or shortness of breath, skin that is cool, pale, bluish or ashen. • Bruising by the injured area. • Nausea/vomiting • Abdominal pain • Excessive thirst

Care for internal bleeding • If severe-call 911 keep comfortable • Monitor breathing • Keep victim from getting chilled or overheated. • Reassure victim • Try to reduce swelling with ice

Warning • Graphic soft tissue injuries pictures • BE AWARE!!!

Avulsion • Skin partially torn away from the body.

Amputation • Body part completely severed from body

Treatment *Wrap body part in a dressing • Put body part in plastic bag and put on ice. • Transport victim and body part to hospital.

Occlusive bandage • a dressing that prevents air from reaching a wound and that retains moisture, heat, body fluids. It may consist of a sheet of thin plastic affixed with transparent tape.

After applying a bandage • Keep checking below the bandage site to make sure your bandage did not restrict circulation. • Check for FEELING, WARMTH AND COLOR. • Elastic bandages can restrict blood flow if not put on properly

Tourniquet-band used to stop the blood flow. • SHOULD ONLY BE USED AS A LAST RESORT TO SAVE SOMEONE FROM BLEEDING TO DEATH. • Apply tourniquet above the wound. • Twist until bleeding stops