Chapter 10 A Blending of Cultures MEXICO Colonialism

Chapter 10: A Blending of Cultures MEXICO!

Colonialism and Independence § Native Americans and the Spanish conquest § Originally inhabited by native peoples § Toltecs § Maya § Aztecs § Life torn apart by the Spanish Conquest § 1519 § Hernando Cortes § Within two years the Aztec capital of Tenochitlan was conquered and most of its people dead or with disease.

Colonialism and Independence § Colony and Country § Mexico was part of the Spanish Empire § Resources, GOLD and SILVER, made it worth conquering § 1821 -INDEPENDENCE from Spain § Emporer: Austin de Iturbide § 1850’s: Benito Juarez become president after a reform movement § Porfiro Diaz led for 30 years after Juarez as a harsh corrupt leader § REVOLUTION § Led by Fransisco Madero, Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata § New constitution 1917 § Half Mexico’s farmland given to the poor

Colonialism and Independence § One Party Rule § 1929 new political party § Institutional Revolutionary Party § Helped to introduce democracy and stability § Continued to give land to the poor § 1997 two parties opposed IRP § Vicente Fox of the National Action Party was elected president in 2000, first not IRP in charge since 1929

A meeting of Cultures § Aztecs and The Spanish § Aztec Empire arose in the valley of Mexico § Arrived around 1200 AD § Built Tenochitlan, city of temples, palaces, very civilized and organized § Practiced human sacrifice § Spanish destroyed and conquered the Aztec empire § Brought their language, religion (Catholocism) § Mestizo Culture emerges § Mixed Spanish and Native herritage

A Meeting of Cultures: Art and Architecture Jose Orozco Frida Kahlo Diego Rivera

Economies: Cities and Factories § Economic Challenges 1. Attempting to close the gap between rich and poor 2. Attempting to develop a modern industrial economy 1. Traditionally an agrarian society

Economics: Cities and Factories § Mexicans are moving to cities for economic opportunities § Very young population § Doubled from 1970 at 52 million § Oil and Manufacturing § Large oil reserves of which it has profited greatly § Factories § Mainly in the North along US border § Maquiladoras-finished goods factories mainly electronics, clothing and furniture § Member of NAFTA-North American Free Trade Agreement

Mexican Life Today § Emigration- movement out of a country to another § Workers moving into the US for better pay § Family separation for months, even years § Money made is usually sent back to Mexico for their family all to help improve living conditions § Work and School § Job shortages, much due to the rising population § Many search for work over education, leaving much of the work-aged population with little to know schooling or skill § Today, initiatives have gotten school attendance to 85% (meaning 95% of school aged children attend school)

Aztecs and Mayan

Notebooking § Cut out each section on which you took notes § On your blank sheets give them a title concerning what we talked about today § Glue them into the arrangement of your choice § Lastly, cut out the pictures and arrange them into two sections: Mexican Artists and a section for Spanish and native Mexican architecture § Glue the pictures into their correct places.