Chapter 1 Unit 1 Introduction to Government American
- Slides: 62
Chapter 1 / Unit 1: Introduction to Government American Government Final Exam Review 0
The three basic economic systems in the world today include Capitalism, Socialism, and ______. • Communism American Government Final Exam Review 1
What is politics? • The effort to control or influence government conduct and policies which provides a peaceful way for society to manage conflict and competition. American Government Final Exam Review 2
What is economics? • The study of human efforts to satisfy seemingly unlimited wants with limited resources. American Government Final Exam Review 3
In an autocracy, power is concentrated in the hands of ______. • A single individual American Government Final Exam Review 4
In this type of democracy the people are literally the government and collectively make decisions for the whole of society. • Direct Democracy American Government Final Exam Review 5
What is the largest political unit in the world today? • The Nation-State American Government Final Exam Review 6
What is the most essential function of government? • Providing order American Government Final Exam Review 7
This is a belief that a ruler’s power comes directly from a supreme being (God). • Divine Right American Government Final Exam Review 8
What are the major purposes of the state? • Maintain law and order • Promote the general welfare / provide public services / solve problems • Preserve culture • Provide for national defense and domestic order • Regulate and promote economic activity American Government Final Exam Review 9
How do governments serve the needs of society? • Pass and enforce laws • Set goals for society • Distribute benefits American Government Final Exam Review 10
Before man lived in groups / society he existed in a state of _____. • Nature American Government Final Exam Review 11
When a government has the right to govern / rule a society is has ______ power. • Sovereign American Government Final Exam Review 12
What are three types of governmental structure used in the world today? • Unitary, Federal, Confederate American Government Final Exam Review 13
In what type of governmental structure is power shared between the various levels of government? • Federal American Government Final Exam Review 14
What country in the world uses a federal structure? • United States American Government Final Exam Review 15
In what type of governmental structure does power flow from the top down to lesser governmental units? • Unitary American Government Final Exam Review 16
What is the most commonly found governmental structure in the world today? • Unitary American Government Final Exam Review 17
What country uses a unitary structure today? • Great Britain, France American Government Final Exam Review 18
In what type of governmental structure does a loose association of powerful states exist with a weak centralized government? • Confederate American Government Final Exam Review 19
What are some of the characteristics of a confederate government? • Power states, weak national (centralized) government • Severe limits on national power • All members must agree to take action before action can be taken • Cooperation is normally voluntary American Government Final Exam Review 20
What political union in the modern world is the best example of a confederation? • European Union American Government Final Exam Review 21
Did the United States ever use a confederate form of government? • Yes, twice – Articles of Confederation, Confederate States of American Government Final Exam Review 22
In this type of government a king or queen has unquestioned authority. • Absolute monarchy American Government Final Exam Review 23
Under the Evolutionary Theory, government developed as an extension of what societal unit? • The family American Government Final Exam Review 24
Under the Force Theory, government why did governments come into existence? • For protection from outside groups (safety in numbers, mutual protection from a common threat) • Because of conquest by a stronger group over a weaker group. American Government Final Exam Review 25
In what country in the world would you find an absolute monarchy today? • Saudi Arabia American Government Final Exam Review 26
In this type of government a king or queen is the symbolic leader of a nation but doesn’t have any real power or authority. • Constitutional monarchy American Government Final Exam Review 27
In what country would you find a constitutional monarchy today? • Great Britain American Government Final Exam Review 28
What is considered to be the birth place of democracy? • Athens, Greece / Ancient Greece American Government Final Exam Review 29
Approximately when was democracy born in Athens, Greece? • 500 BC American Government Final Exam Review 30
What economic system is associated with free enterprise, private property, laissez-faire governmental policy, and free markets? • Capitalism American Government Final Exam Review 31
What are the five characteristics associated with capitalism? • • • Private ownership of property and resources Free enterprise Business competition Freedom of choice The possibility of profits American Government Final Exam Review 32
Who is considered the father of capitalism? • Adam Smith, articulate the tenants of capitalism in his book, The Wealth of Nations written in 1776. American Government Final Exam Review 33
What does the term “laissez-faire” mean? • “To let alone” – a governmental policy that allows the market to drive economics rather than the government. American Government Final Exam Review 34
Every economic system in the world today blends and incorporates elements of Capitalism, Socialism, and Communism. These countries have. . . • Mixed Economies American Government Final Exam Review 35
Who wrote the Communist Manifesto? • Karl Marx American Government Final Exam Review 36
Under Communism, who are considered the bourgeoisie? • Those who own the means of production (capitalists) American Government Final Exam Review 37
What are some of the characteristics of a Communist economic system? • Only a Communist political party / government can exist in society. • The government owns all means of production • There is no private property • There are no wages, rents, interests, or profits • Teach to their own abilities • Total employment American Government Final Exam Review 38
What are three goals of Socialism? • Public ownership of most land the means of production • Government control over most economic decisions • Equal distribution of wealth American Government Final Exam Review 39
Identify key characteristics found in democracies • • • Majority rule but minority rights Individual liberty People hold sovereign power Free elections Competing political parties American Government Final Exam Review 40
In this form of democracy, the people select representatives who in turn voice their opinions and concerns within government. • Representative Democracy American Government Final Exam Review 41
In this form of democracy, the executive and legislative branches are combined into one body. It is also the most common form of democracy in the world today. • Parliamentary Democracy American Government Final Exam Review 42
In this form of democracy, the executive and legislative branches are elected separately and often work at cross purposes against each other. • Presidential Democracy American Government Final Exam Review 43
In order for a democracy to take root in a society and actually work what are some key components that are required to be in place? • • • Citizenship participation A favorable economy / large middle class Widespread education A strong civil society A social consensus American Government Final Exam Review 44
According to this theory, people voluntarily left the state of nature to join together to form societies. In the process they agreed to forfeit their absolute freedom in return for living in a society. • Social Contract American Government Final Exam Review 45
Which person first articulated the concept of the social contract? • Thomas Hobbs, English philosopher American Government Final Exam Review 46
According to Thomas Hobbs, once mankind accepted the social contract government has absolute ____ to rule as it wishes. • power American Government Final Exam Review 47
John Locke, a later English philosopher, argued that the social contract is not binding when. . . • The government becomes tyrannical. People have the right to reject, remove, and replace governments. American Government Final Exam Review 48
Which Greek philosopher first classified the three types of government found in his world in ancient Athens? • Aristotle American Government Final Exam Review 49
Identify Aristotle’s three classifications of government. • Autocracy, Oligarchy, Democracy American Government Final Exam Review 50
Autocracy means. . . • Rule by one person. American Government Final Exam Review 51
Democracy means. . . • Rule by many. American Government Final Exam Review 52
Under this form of government the leadership / control of a nation is concentrated in the hands of very small group of people. • Oligarchy American Government Final Exam Review 53
What are the four essential features of a state (country)? • Population, Territory, Sovereignty, Government American Government Final Exam Review 54
What is a political community with definite boundaries and an independent government? • A State American Government Final Exam Review 55
What is the institution through which a state maintains social order, provides public services and enforces the nation's laws • Government American Government Final Exam Review 56
What is a constitution? • A plan of government American Government Final Exam Review 57
What are the key characteristics of Totalitarianism? • The power of the state is unlimited • The needs of the state come before the needs of the people • All citizens must work for the common goals established by the government American Government Final Exam Review 58
What country in the world would be a good example of totalitarian rule? • North Korea American Government Final Exam Review 59
Under Fascism, how does the government help to maintain control of the population? • Use of stereotypes (Jews in Nazi Germany) and appeals to racial superiority • Appeal to extreme patriotism • The militarization of society American Government Final Exam Review 60
What are the four characteristics of a democracy? It promotes individual liberty, or equal opportunity for all people. It is based on majority rule with minority rights. It requires elections in which candidates can express their views freely, voting requirements are few and non-discriminatory, and each person's vote is equal and cast by secret ballot. It allows competing political parties, with different approaches to issues to give voters a choice. American Government Final Exam Review 61