Chapter 1 The Human Body An Orientation Chapter

Chapter 1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Chapter 1 Objectives to be Assessed 1. Define anatomy and physiology and explain how they are related. 2. List and describe the major characteristics of life. 3. List and describe the major requirements of organisms. 4. Define homeostasis and explain its importance in survival. 5. Describe a homeostatic mechanism. 6. List the levels of organization in the human body

Chapter 1 Objectives to be Assessed 7. Identify the locations of the major body cavities. 8. List the organs located in each major body cavity. 9. Name and identify the locations of the membranes associated with the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. 10. Name the major organ systems and list the organs associated with each. 11. Describe the general function of each organ system. 12. Properly use the terms that describe relative positions, body sections, and body regions.

Aids to Understanding Words • • appendcardihomeo-logymetaperi-stasis-tomy-

Definitions • Anatomy- • Physiology-

Levels of Structural Organization Smooth muscle cell Molecules Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules Atoms Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells Smooth muscle tissue Epithelial tissue Smooth muscle tissue Connective tissue Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues Blood vessel (organ) Cardiovascular system Organism level Human organisms are made up of many organ systems Organ system level Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely

Organ System Overview • Integumentary – – -

Organ System Overview • Skeletal – – -

Organ System Overview • Muscular – – – -

Organ System Overview • Nervous – – -

Organ System Overview • Endocrine – • • • -

Organ System Overview • Cardiovascular – • • -

Organ System Overview • Lymphatic – – – -

Organ System Overview • Respiratory – – -

Organ System Overview • Digestive – – – -

Organ System Overview • Urinary – – – -

Organ System Overview • Reproductive – -

Necessary Life Functions • Movement ––- • Responsiveness –- • Digestion –-

Necessary Life Functions • Metabolism- chemical reactions within the body ––- • Excretion –-

Necessary Life Functions • Reproduction –- • Growth –-

Survival Needs • Nutrients – • Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals • Oxygen –-

Survival Needs • Water ––- • Stable body temperature –- • Atmospheric pressure –-

Interactions Among Body Systems

Homeostasis • Homeostasis– A dynamic state of equilibrium • Homeostasis is necessary for normal body functioning and to sustain life • Homeostatic imbalance –-

Maintaining Homeostasis • The body communicates through neural and hormonal control systems – Receptor • • -

Maintaining Homeostasis – Control center • • • - – Effector • -

Feedback mechanisms • Negative feedback – Includes most homeostatic control mechanisms ––-

Feedback Mechanisms • Positive feedback ––-

Anatomy Language • Specific terms are used to avoid misunderstandings • Exact terms are used for: – – Positions Directions Regions Structures

Regional Terms • Anterior body landmarks (See page 16 and 17)

Regional Terms • Posterior body landmarks (See page 16 and 17)

Directional Terms (See page 15)

Body Planes and Sections • A ____section divides the body (or organ) into left and right parts • A ______, or _____, section divides the body (or organ) into equal left and right parts • A ______ section divides the body (or organ) into anterior and posterior parts • A ____, or cross, section divides the body (or organ) into superior and inferior parts

Body Planes and Sections (See page 16 and 17)

Body Cavities • Dorsal Cavity – ____ cavity houses the brain – ____ cavity houses the spinal cord • Ventral Cavity – ______ cavity houses the heart, lungs, and others – _____ cavity houses digestive and urniary system organs

Body Cavities (See page 20)

Abdominopelvic Quadrants (See page 20)

Abdominopelvic Regions (See page 21)

Major Abdominopelvic Organs (See page 21)