CHAPTER 1 THE FIRST CIVILIZATION AND EMPIRES Unit

CHAPTER 1 THE FIRST CIVILIZATION AND EMPIRES Unit 1 The First Humans

BEFORE HISTORY Early Stages of Development § 1 st human-like creatures lived in Africa § 3 -4 Million years ago § Australopithecines Hominids § Human and other human-like creatures that walk upright § Australopithecines were the first hominids § Able to make simple tools Homo Erectus § “Upright Human Being” § 1. 5 Million Years Ago § Larger and more varied tools

Homosapiens § “Wise Human Being” § 2 subgroups § Neanderthals § § § 1 st found in Neander Valley Germany 100, 000 and 30, 000 BC Found in Europe and Southwest Asia Relied on Stone Tools First people to bury § Homo Sapiens § Both developed from homo sapiens Homo Sapiens § Appeared in Africa 150, 000 and 200, 000 years ago § 30, 000 Homo Sapiens replaced Neanderthals § Why?

THE HUNTER-GATHERERS OF THE OLD STONE AGE Paleothic Age § § § 2, 500, 000 to 10, 000 BC Used simple stone tools Sometimes called Old Stone Age Small communities, fishing, hunting, gathering Learned how to make sophisticated tools § How to use fires, adapt and change with physical environment Nomads § People who move place to place § Hunted animals and gathered wild plants for survival § Cave paintings

THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION Neolithic Revolutions § Revolution occurred in the Neolithic Age (8, 000 to 4, 000 BC) § New Stone Age § What changed? § Switched from hunting and gathering to raising and keeping animals § Systematic Agriculture- growing food on a regular basis § Domestication of animals added a steady source of meat, milk, and wool Agriculture revolution § What does this term mean?

THE EMERGENCE OF CIVILIZATION Civilization: complex culture in which large numbers of human beings share a number of common elements 6 Characteristics § § § Cities Governments Religion Social Structure Writing Art Describe the relationship between an increase in good production and the rise of cities and governments