Chapter 1 The Evolution of Psychology The Science

Chapter 1 The Evolution of Psychology

The Science of Psychology n. Empiricism n. Scientific method n. Research methodology Table of Contents

Psychology Scientific study of behavior and mental processes –Basic research –Applied fields Table of Contents

Basic research Developmental 2. Social 3. Experimental 4. Physiological 1. Table of Contents

Basic research Cognitive 6. Personality 7. Psychometrics 5. Table of Contents

Fig 1. 9 – Major research areas in contemporary psychology. The figures in the pie chart reflect the percentage of academic and research psychologists belonging to APA who identify each area as their primary interest. Table of Contents

Applied fields Clinical Psychology 2. Counseling Psychology 3. Educational or School 1. 4. Industrial/Organization Table of Contents

Education Degree Title Ph. D. (doctoral degree) Psychologists M. D. Psychiatrists Psy. D. New degree, emphasis on counseling Counselor, Therapist, Psychotherapist, Social Worker Masters degree Table of Contents

Fig 1. 10 – Principal professional specialties in contemporary psychology. Table of Contents

Important Tips These numbers are not up to date. You are responsible for the main idea, not the specific numbers. Table of Contents

What is the main idea of this pie chart? Table of Contents

Fig 1. 8 – Employment of psychologists by setting. Table of Contents

Is this for me? www. psy. miami. edu n Internship for high school students n Come see me for details n Table of Contents

Psychology: Seven Organizing Themes 1. Empirical 2. Theoretically diverse 3. Sociohistorical context 4. Multiple causality 5. Shaped by cultural heritage 6. Heredity and environment 7. Subjective Table of Contents

The Science of Psychology n. Roots –Physiology –Philosophy n. Distinct discipline emerges Launch Video Table of Contents

First Laboratories n Wundt – 1832 -1920 – Germany n G. Stanley Hall – 1846 -1924 – United States at Johns Hopkins University (not just good at Lacrosse!) Table of Contents

Fig. 1. 1 – Early research laboratories in North America. Start thinking about those college applications! Table of Contents

Fig. 1. 2 – Women pioneers in the history of psychology. Bryn Mawr College Come see me for more information! Table of Contents

Historical approaches n Structuralism –Edward Titchener –Introspection n Functionalism –William James –Focused on the function or purpose of consciousness Table of Contents

Contemporary approaches 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Behaviorism Psychoanalytic Humanistic Cognitive Biological Evolutionary Table of Contents

Behaviorism n. John B. Watson –(1878 -1958) –Founder n. Observable responses only Table of Contents

Behaviorism n. Nature over nurture n. Environment over heredity n. Important quotation, pg 6 Table of Contents

Psychoanalytic n. Sigmund Freud –(1856 -1939) –Austria n. Emphasis on unconscious processes Table of Contents

Controversy over Freud n Don’t throw the baby out with the bathwater – Introduced role of unconscious – Developmental approach – Emphasized the role of early childhood n Significant influence on the field of psychology Table of Contents

Controversy over Freud n In reaction to behaviorist n Psychodynamic versus Psychanalytic (strict) Table of Contents

Humanistic n Abraham Maslow (1908 -1970) n Carl Rogers (1902 -1987) n “Be all that you can be!” n Personal growth n Unconditional positive regard Table of Contents

Cognition n 1950’s and 60’s n. Piaget & Chomsky n. Internal mental processes n. Acquisition of knowledge Table of Contents

Biological Psychology Physiological processes –Brain, nervous system –Development –Anatomy of eye and ear –Role in psychopathology Table of Contents

Evolutionary Psychology n. Natural selection n. Darwin Table of Contents

Cultural Diversity n. Values, norms, beliefs n. Ethnocentrism – viewing one’s own group as superior and as the standard for judging Table of Contents

Fig 1. 5 – Increased cultural diversity in the United States. NOTE the breakdown in the presentation of Table of Contents ethnic groups

Cultural Diversity n. Major emphasis of –Research –Clinical work n. Be mindful! Table of Contents

Don’t skip n. Improving academic performance n. Developing critical thinking Table of Contents

Review n. Recap, page 34 n. Practice test, page 35 n. Website resources n. Study guide n. Princeton Review Table of Contents