Chapter 1 Texas Political Culture and Diversity POLITICAL

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Chapter 1 Texas Political Culture and Diversity

Chapter 1 Texas Political Culture and Diversity

POLITICAL CULTURE, PARTISANSHIP, AND PUBLIC POLICY 1 OF 3 • Ideology ü Conservative –

POLITICAL CULTURE, PARTISANSHIP, AND PUBLIC POLICY 1 OF 3 • Ideology ü Conservative – limited Gov. , free market, traditional values ü Texas liberals – general welfare, regulation, tolerance • Conservative and liberals in Texas today ü 48% identify as conservative ü 21% identify as liberal Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2

TEXANS’ IDEOLOGY Source: University of Texas/Texas Tribune Polls: 2011– 2016 Copyright © 2018 Cengage

TEXANS’ IDEOLOGY Source: University of Texas/Texas Tribune Polls: 2011– 2016 Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3

POLITICAL CULTURE, PARTISANSHIP, AND PUBLIC POLICY 2 OF 3 • Partisanship ü About 11%

POLITICAL CULTURE, PARTISANSHIP, AND PUBLIC POLICY 2 OF 3 • Partisanship ü About 11% of Texans are true independents ü Substantial gender, ethnic/racial and generational differences in party identification ü Republican dominance during past 20 years Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 4

POLITICAL CULTURE, PARTISANSHIP, AND PUBLIC POLICY 3 OF 3 • Public Policy ü Conservative

POLITICAL CULTURE, PARTISANSHIP, AND PUBLIC POLICY 3 OF 3 • Public Policy ü Conservative opinions regarding policy ü Low taxes ü Few financial resources committed to public services ü Conservative social values Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 5

TEXAS’S CULTURAL REGIONS 1 OF 5 • Texas Cultural Regions üEast Texas üThe Gulf

TEXAS’S CULTURAL REGIONS 1 OF 5 • Texas Cultural Regions üEast Texas üThe Gulf Coast üA Boom Based in Houston Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 6

TEXAS CULTURAL REGIONS Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 7

TEXAS CULTURAL REGIONS Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 7

TEXAS’S CULTURAL REGIONS 2 OF 5 • Texas Cultural Regions continued üSouth Texas •

TEXAS’S CULTURAL REGIONS 2 OF 5 • Texas Cultural Regions continued üSouth Texas • Ranchero culture • Creoles • Mestizos • The Valley (of the Rio Grande) Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 8

TEXAS’S CULTURAL REGIONS 3 OF 5 • Texas Cultural Regions continued üFar West Texas

TEXAS’S CULTURAL REGIONS 3 OF 5 • Texas Cultural Regions continued üFar West Texas • Bicultural • NAFTA • The Texas Border • Maquiladoras Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 9

TEXAS’S CULTURAL REGIONS 4 OF 5 • Texas Cultural Regions continued üGerman Hill Country

TEXAS’S CULTURAL REGIONS 4 OF 5 • Texas Cultural Regions continued üGerman Hill Country üWest Texas üThe Panhandle Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 10

TEXAS’S CULTURAL REGIONS 5 OF 5 • Texas Cultural Regions continued üNorth Texas •

TEXAS’S CULTURAL REGIONS 5 OF 5 • Texas Cultural Regions continued üNorth Texas • Metroplex üCentral Texas Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 11

POLITICS AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY 1 OF 7 • Texans’ Struggle for Equal Rights •

POLITICS AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY 1 OF 7 • Texans’ Struggle for Equal Rights • Female Texans (in Republic of Texas) • Were not able to vote • Were not able to serve on juries • Retained some property rights Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 12

POLITICS AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY 2 OF 7 • Texans’ Struggle for Equal Rights continued

POLITICS AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY 2 OF 7 • Texans’ Struggle for Equal Rights continued üFemale Texans continued • Minnie Fisher Cunningham • The 19 th Amendment - Suffrage • The Marital Property Act – Property, Contract, Divorce, Custody, Etc • 2016 abortion decision Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 13

FEMALE TEXANS Bettmann/Corbis Texan Minnie Fisher Cunningham was a champion for women’s suffrage in

FEMALE TEXANS Bettmann/Corbis Texan Minnie Fisher Cunningham was a champion for women’s suffrage in the state. Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. (#)

POLITICS AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY 3 OF 7 • Texans Struggle for Equal Rights continued

POLITICS AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY 3 OF 7 • Texans Struggle for Equal Rights continued üAfrican American Texans • • White primary Ku Klux Klan (KKK) NAACP Sweatt v. Painter – 1946 Law School Case – If you need it, we will build it • United States v. Texas – 1970 -complete Brown Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 15

Joseph Scherschel/Time Life Pictures/Getty Images SWEATT V. PAINTER Heman Sweatt successfully integrated Texas public

Joseph Scherschel/Time Life Pictures/Getty Images SWEATT V. PAINTER Heman Sweatt successfully integrated Texas public law schools after the U. S. Supreme Court began to chip away at the “separate-butequal” doctrine in the landmark case Sweatt v. Painter, (1950). Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 16

POLITICS AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY 4 OF 7 • Texans Struggle for Equal Rights continued

POLITICS AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY 4 OF 7 • Texans Struggle for Equal Rights continued üLatino Texans • Raymondville Peonage cases 1929– can’t force debtors and vagrants to work off debts on private farms • Hector Garcia and the American GI Forum -1948 • Pushed nation toward citizenship and respect • Hernandez v. Texas - 1954 – jury duty participation protected by 14 th Amendment Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 17

POLITICS AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY 5 OF 7 • Texans Struggle for Equal Rights continued

POLITICS AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY 5 OF 7 • Texans Struggle for Equal Rights continued üLesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Texans • Lawrence v. Texas – Sodomy… • The Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) – 76% in 2005. Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 18

KEY U. S. SUPREME COURT DECISIONS PROTECTING TEXANS’ RIGHTS TO EQUALITY AND PRIVACY 1

KEY U. S. SUPREME COURT DECISIONS PROTECTING TEXANS’ RIGHTS TO EQUALITY AND PRIVACY 1 OF 3 Unconstitutional Texas Practice U. S. Constitutional Violation Landmark Supreme Court Case Texas laws permitting the Democratic Party to conduct whites-only primaries. Also used in other southern states No state shall deny any person the right to vote on account of race— Fifteenth Amendment. Smith v. Allwright (1944) Texas law requiring racially segregated law schools. Professional schools were segregated throughout the South. No state shall deny any person the equal protection of the laws— Fourteenth Amendment. Sweatt v. Painter (1950) Texas practice of denying Latinos the right to serve on juries. No state shall deny any person the equal protection of the laws— Fourteenth Amendment. Hernandez v. State of Texas (1954) Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 19

KEY U. S. SUPREME COURT DECISIONS PROTECTING TEXANS’ RIGHTS TO EQUALITY AND PRIVACY 2

KEY U. S. SUPREME COURT DECISIONS PROTECTING TEXANS’ RIGHTS TO EQUALITY AND PRIVACY 2 OF 3 Landmark Supreme Court Case Unconstitutional Texas Practice U. S. Constitutional Violation State laws mandating statewide segregation of public schools and most facilities open to the public. Texas was among the 17 mostly southern states with statewide laws requiring segregation at the time of the decision. No state shall deny any person the equal protection of the laws— Fourteenth Amendment. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) Texas law making abortion illegal; 30 states outlawed abortions for any reason in 1973. No state shall deny liberty without due process of law— Fourteenth Amendment Roe v. Wade (1973) Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 20

KEY U. S. SUPREME COURT DECISIONS PROTECTING TEXANS’ RIGHTS TO EQUALITY AND PRIVACY 3

KEY U. S. SUPREME COURT DECISIONS PROTECTING TEXANS’ RIGHTS TO EQUALITY AND PRIVACY 3 OF 3 Landmark Supreme Court Case Unconstitutional Texas Practice U. S. Constitutional Violation Texas law making homosexual conduct a crime; 14 mostly southern states made homosexual conduct a crime at the time of the decision. No state shall deny liberty without due process of law— Fourteenth Amendment. Lawrence v. Texas (2003) State laws making same-sex marriage illegal; Texas was among 31 states with constitutional provisions that banned same-sex marriage. Most states had statutes defining marriage as between one man and one woman. No state shall deny liberty without the due process of law; no state shall deny any person the equal protection of the laws—Fourteenth Amendment. Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 21

POLITICS AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY 6 OF 7 • Cultural Diversity Today üDemographics • Texas

POLITICS AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY 6 OF 7 • Cultural Diversity Today üDemographics • Texas one of the fastest-growing states • Texas becoming more culturally diverse Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 22

TEXAS ETHNIC/RACIAL POPULATIONS, PAST AND PRESENT, 1980 -2015 Source: U. S. Census Bureau and

TEXAS ETHNIC/RACIAL POPULATIONS, PAST AND PRESENT, 1980 -2015 Source: U. S. Census Bureau and Office of the Texas State Demographer Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 23

POLITICS AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY 7 OF 7 • Cultural Diversity Today continued üIncreasing diversity

POLITICS AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY 7 OF 7 • Cultural Diversity Today continued üIncreasing diversity in Texas could impact • • Politics Culture Voter participation Income and poverty Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 24

ETHNICITY, INCOME, AND POVERTY IN TEXAS Source: The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation and

ETHNICITY, INCOME, AND POVERTY IN TEXAS Source: The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation and the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 25

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