Chapter 1 Section 2 NATIVE AMERICAN ORIGINS The

Chapter 1, Section 2 NATIVE AMERICAN ORIGINS

The First Inhabitants § From § Asia § Arrived via… § Land bridge (Beringia) connecting NE Asia to NW North America that existed during the last ice age § When § 15, 000 to 30, 000 years ago § Why § Nomadic hunters following their prey (wooly mammoth, mastodon, caribou, ox, etc. )

Nomads to Farmers § Paleo-Indians: first colonizers/inhabitants of the Americas; learned to adapt to their different environments § Agricultural Revolution: transformation of nomadic hunter/gatherers to fixed farmers § Learned to grow § Maize (first crop NA’s grew to make bread) § Pumpkins § Peppers § Squash § Beans § Civilizations formed: highly organized society marked by trade, government, art, science,

Ancient Indian Civilizations: Olmec § Lived in Mesoamerica (middle America) § Built complex villages and pyramids § Constructed first large city in America called Teotihuacan

Ancient Indian Civilizations: Maya § Located on the Yucatan Peninsula § Talent for engineering and mathematics § Developed accurate calendars § Constructed pyramids for worship

Ancient Indian Civilizations: Aztec § Located in Central Mexico § Built great city of Tenochtitlan (modern Mexico City) § Great military power that conquered neighboring tribes § Controlled about 5 million people during the height of their civilization

Ancient Indian Civilizations: Anasazi § Located in the American southwest § Built pueblos (villages) inside canyons where streams of rainwater drained § Constructed network of basins to store rainwater used for their crops

Ancient Indian Civilizations: Adena/Hopewell § Located in Ohio River Valley and Eastern United States § Built large geometric earthworks to serve as ceremonial centers, observatories, and burial places

Ancient Indian Civilizations: Mississippian § Located near Mississippi River Valley § Built large city of Cahokia § Constructed large cities and pyramids § Flat-topped mound city at present day Moundville, Alabama arose from this culture

Tribal Descendants § Southwestern U. S. : § Apache § Navajo § Pacific Coast § Nez Perce § Great Plains § § § Pawnee Iowa Sioux (Lakota) § Far North § Inuit § Northeast § Algonquian: Shawnee, Delaware, Powhatan, etc. § Iroquois: Huron, Seneca, Mohawk, Oneida § Southeast § § § Cherokee Creek Choctaw Seminole Natchez Chickasaw