Chapter 1 Section 2 Native American Cultures Native

Chapter 1 Section 2 Native American Cultures

Native American Cultures § Early Societies – Anasazi § 1500 B. C. § Lived in the American Southwest (Four Corners Region) § Farmers were able to do dry land farming of maize, beans and squash § Started to use irrigation § Skilled basket makers and skilled potters § Early members of group lived in pit houses dug into the ground, then about 750 A. D. they built pueblos made of adobe – Pueblos built on top of one another, could house over 1, 000 people

Native American Cultures § Early Societies – Anasazi § Also built their houses in canyon walls and had to use ladders to get to them which gave them a great defense against foes § Kivas were underground ceremonial chambers at the center of communities § Culture started to disappear by 1300 A. D. – Think it was brought on by drought, disease and raids by other groups

Native American Cultures

Native American Cultures § Mound Builders – In the Eastern part of North America, many farming societies developed after 1000 B. C. – The Hopewell was one of these § Lived along the Mississippi, Ohio and Missouri River valleys § Supported society with trade and agriculture – Mississippian took control after the decline of the Hopewell around 700 A. D. § Largest City around present day St. Louis was Cahokia and had about 30, 000 people § Build hundreds of mounds for religious ceremonies and burial. – Had flat tops with temples built on them. – Size was great (some as big as 100 feet tall and 16 acres) – Others also built mounds, but mound building society no longer was around by the 1700’s.

Native American Cultures

Native American Cultures

Native American Cultures § Native American Cultural Areas – North and Northwest § Divided into Arctic and Subarctic area § Arctic – – Little plant life Home to Inuit and Aleut Homes were igloos, hide tents and huts Both shared same language and both fished and hunted § Subarctic – – Dogrib and Montagnais Follow seasonal migrations of animals such as deer Shelters made of animals skins or log houses Farther south is the Kwakiutl and the Chinook peoples § Northwest people carved totems on large poles § Held feasts called potlatches

Native American Cultures § West and Southwest – Coastal § § § Food sources were plentiful along Pacific Coast so these groups tended not to farm Large family groups Tribes included- Hupa, Miwok and Yokuts – More than 100 languages – East of Sierra Nevada Mountains § § § Little rain so groups gathered, trapped and hunted for food Most groups spoke the same language Groups include- Paiute, Shoshone, and Ute – Southwest § § § § Very dry- irrigated land Known as Pueblo groups Religion focused on rain and maize Built large housing structures out of Adobe Made fine pottery Groups included Hopi, Zuni Apache and Navajo were also groups that supported themselves by raiding the Pueblo people

Native American Cultures § Great Plains – Abundance of wildlife such as deer and buffalo – People of Great plains were nomadic hunters – Lived in Teepees – Some were farmers and settled in villages § Pawnee and Mandan § Pawnee were matrilineal or traced ancestry through mothers

Native American Cultures § Northeast and Southeast – – – Areas full of resources for food and shelter Most groups lived in villages (Cherokee, Creek, Seminole Northeast groups such as the Algonquin hunted Many tribes used wampum (string of beads) as a currency Build log homes or longhouses Iroquois created the Iroquois League § Confederation of various groups and fought against non-Iroquois people § Iroquois tribes became some of the most powerful in North America § Tribes included Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga and Seneca

Native American Cultures § Shared Beliefs – Religion linked to nature – Tried to honor spirits everyday – Individual ownership only applied to crops, the land was for everyone – Land preservation for the future – Didn’t want to join together to form political units so no large empires ever formed.