CHAPTER 1 REVIEW BIOLOGY CHAPTER 1 REVIEW ANSWERS
CHAPTER 1 REVIEW BIOLOGY CHAPTER 1 REVIEW ANSWERS
Chapter 1 The Study of Life 1. What is Biology? Biology is the science of Answer: life. Biologists study the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution and distribution of living organisms.
Chapter 1 The Study of Life 2. List the 7 characteristics of life discussed in class. Answer: 1. Homeostasis - Internal regulation of the environment to maintain a constant, balanced state 2. Organization - Being structurally composed of one or more cells 3. Metabolism - Transformation of energy by converting chemicals and energy into cellular components (anabolism) and decomposing organic matter (catabolism 4. Growth - A growing organism accumulates mattere, and increases in size
7 characteristics of life continued • 5. Adaptation - The ability to change over time in response to the environment. • 6. Response to Stimuli - A living organism must respond s to external/environmental stimuli 7. Reproduction - ability to produce new individual organisms, either asexually or sexually from two parent organisms.
Chapter 1 The Study of Life 3. What is metabolism? Answer: Transformation of energy by converting chemicals and energy into cellular components (anabolism) and decomposing organic matter (catabolism
Chapter 1 The Study of Life 4. What is homeostasis? Answer: Internal regulation of the environment to maintain a constant, balanced state
Chapter 1 The Study of Life 5. What is a gene? Answer: A gene is the molecular unit of heredity of a living organism.
Chapter 1 The Study of Life 6. What is heredity? Answer: passing of traits from parents to their offspring, by asexual or sexual reproduction.
Chapter 1 The Study of Life 7. What is evolution? Answer: Collection of adaptations over long periods of time in populations
Chapter 1 The Study of Life 8. What are the two types of scientific inquiry and how do they differ? Answer: 1. Discovery science (describing) - the tree is big 2. Hypothesis-based science (explaining) -the tree is big because the fertilizer helps it grow
Chapter 1 The Study of Life 9. What is an observation? List an example. Answer: Using one or more of your senses to gather information about the world. Ex. Trees lose their leaves in the fall
Chapter 1 The Study of Life 10. What is an inference? List an example. Answer: Explaining or interpreting an observation or statement. Ex. Trees lose their leaves in fall. Leaves fall off because the days are shorter
Chapter 1 The Study of Life 11. Compare and contrast qualitative and quantitative data. Answer: Qualitative data is data that cannot be measured. An examples would be color Ex: smells, tastes. Quantitative data can be measured. For example, There number of times a heart beats in one minute.
Chapter 1 The Study of Life 12. What are the differences between inductive and deductive reasoning? Answer: Inductive reasoning takes specific examples and makes sweeping general conclusions. Ex. All cats that you have observed purr. Therefore, every cat must purr. Deductive reasoning takes general cases and makes specific examples
Chapter 1 The Study of Life 13. What is a hypothesis? Answer: A hypothesis is testable statement about how things work. Most of the time a hypothesis is written like this: "If _____[I do this] _____, then _____[this]_____ will. .
Chapter 1 The Study of Life 14. What are the five basic components of the scientific method? Answer: 1. Make an Observation 2. Develop a Hypothesis 3. Make an Experiment 4. Carry out the Experiment and Analyze results 5. Draw Conclusions
Chapter 1 The Study of Life 15. Explain the differences between a control group and experimental groups. Answer: Control group is the part of an experiment that serves as a basis of comparison to determine the effects of the variable (e. x. plants that don't receive miracle-gro) The set-up that contains the independent variable. Ex. Breathing rate of fish vs. water temp. The change in water temperature and resulting change in breathing rate is experimental group
Chapter 1 The Study of Life 16. What is an independent variable? Answer: In the x-axis, the variable being manipulated in an experiment. Ex. Water temperature in the previous example.
Chapter 1 The Study of Life 17. What is a dependent variable? Answer: In the y-axis, the variable that changes as a result of the independent variable. This is what you measure and observe in the experiment e. x. the change in breathing rate that results from changing water temperature Control will be a parallel experiment with no change in water temperature. Results in breathing rate will be compared to the control group.
Chapter The Study of Life 1 18. My friend Molly wanted to determine if alternative fuels would be more efficient in her car than standard gasoline. She decided to drive her car around using the following alternative fuel types: biodiesel, ethanol, vegetable oil, and hydrogen. What would be the dependent variable in Molly’s experiment? What would be the independent variable in Molly’s experiment? Answer: Independent = change in fuel used in her vehicle Dependent = miles per gallon measured for each fuel Control = miles per gallon using standard gasoline
Chapter 1 The Study of Life Metric System & Graphing 19. What are three base units of the metric system? Answer: Length - meter Mass – gram Volume - liter
Chapter 1 The Study of Life 20. What are the prefixes used in the metric system from smallest to largest? Answer: milli- m 10 -3 thousandth 0. 001 centi- c 10 -2 hundredth 0. 01 deci- d 10 -1 tenth 0. 1 0 deca- d 10 ten 10 hecto- h 102 hundred 100 kilo- k 103 thousand 1000
Chapter 1 The Study of Life 21. Convert 23. 406 dkm to cm. Answer: 23, 406 cm
Chapter 1 The Study of Life 22. Convert 6. 4 kg to dg. Answer: 64, 000 dg
Chapter 1 The Study of Life 23. Convert 75. 66 hl to L. Answer: 7566 L
Chapter 1 The Study of Life 24. Where are the independent variable and dependent variable placed on a graph? Answer: Independent on the X axis Dependent on Y
Chapter 1 The Study of Life 25. List the four types of microscopes discussed in class. Answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Compound light microscope Dissecting microscope Transmission electron microscope(TEM) Scanning electron microscope(SEM) Simple microscope (magnifying glass)
Chapter 1 The Study of Life 26. What is magnification? Answer: The apparent enlargement of an object by an optical instrument
Chapter 1 The Study of Life 27. What is resolution? Answer: The smallest distance between two points on a specimen that can still be distinguished as two separate entities
Chapter 1 The Study of Life 28. How do you determine the total magnification power of a microscope? Answer: Multiply the magnification (power) of the eyepiece or ocular lens by the magnification of the objective lens
Chapter 1 The Study of Life 29. If you are looking through an eye piece that has a magnification of 10 x and an objective lens of 100 x, what would be the total magnification? Answer: 1000 X
Chapter 1 The Study of Life 30. Be able to distinguish what types of microscopes would be appropriate for a given experiment.
Chapter The Study of Life 1 Chapter Diagnostic Questions What is a testable explanation? A. observation B. hypothesis C. experiment D. constant 1. 2. 3. 4. A B C D
Chapter The Study of Life 1 Chapter Diagnostic Questions Which is not a characteristic of all organisms? A. made of one or more cells B. grows and develops C. capable of rational thought D. maintains homeostasis 1. 2. 3. 4. A B C D
Chapter The Study of Life 1 1. 1 Formative Questions What area of science takes scientific knowledge and applies it to meet human needs? A. exploration B. dynamics C. physics D. technology 1. 2. 3. 4. A B C D
Chapter The Study of Life 1 1. 1 Formative Questions What is the process of change that takes place during the life of an organism? A. adaptation B. development C. growth D. maturation 1. 2. 3. 4. A B C D
Chapter The Study of Life 1 1. 1 Formative Questions Some species of plants begin opening their flowers in the morning when they are exposed to sunlight. What characteristic of living things does this represent? A. acquiring energy B. adapting to the environment C. displaying organization D. responding to stimuli 1. 2. 3. 4. A B C D
Chapter The Study of Life 1 1. 1 Formative Questions What process regulates an organism’s internal conditions and keeps them stable? A. adaptation B. equilibrium C. homeostasis D. metabolism 1. 2. 3. 4. A B C D
Chapter The Study of Life 1 1. 2 Formative Questions What is a theory? A. a body of knowledge about a natural phenomenon B. a creative tool for designing investigations C. a scientific inquiry that seeks to provide an explanation D. an explanation supported by observations and experiments 1. 2. 3. 4. A B C D
Chapter The Study of Life 1 1. 2 Formative Questions Scientists discard observations and data that are not consistent with current scientific understanding. 1. 2. A. true B. false A B
Chapter The Study of Life 1 1. 2 Formative Questions A scientist wants to report the findings from her investigations. Before her information can be published, what must it go through? A. forensics B. peer review C. scientific methods D. the metric system 1. 2. 3. 4. A B C D
Chapter The Study of Life 1 1. 2 Formative Questions What do issues such as AIDS, global warming, genetic engineering, and cloning have in common? A. They involve ethics. B. They involve forensics. C. They must be addressed by scientists. D. They require the metric system. 1. 2. 3. 4. A B C D
Chapter The Study of Life 1 1. 3 Formative Questions When you form a logical conclusion based on your observations and what you already know, what are you making? A. a conjecture B. an inference C. a speculation D. a theory 1. 2. 3. 4. A B C D
Chapter The Study of Life 1 1. 3 Formative Questions What is a hypothesis? A. a defined question B. a curious assumption C. a tested inference D. a testable explanation 1. 2. 3. 4. A B C D
Chapter The Study of Life 1 1. 3 Formative Questions What type of discovery is a serendipitous discovery? A. accidental B. anticipated C. ingenious D. whimsical 1. 2. 3. 4. A B C D
Chapter The Study of Life 1 1. 3 Formative Questions In order for scientific experiments to be valid, they must be based on scientific methods that use controlled experiments. 1. 2. A. true B. false A B
Chapter The Study of Life 1 Chapter Assessment Questions Identify the term used to describe an explanation of a natural phenomenon supported by observation and experimentation. A. forensics B. natural law C. theory D. physics 1. 2. 3. 4. A B C D
Chapter The Study of Life 1 Chapter Assessment Questions In a controlled experiment, which factor can change? A. control group B. experimental group C. dependent variable D. independent variable 1. 2. 3. 4. A B C D
Chapter The Study of Life 1 Chapter Assessment Questions Look at the figure below. Why is scientific data often displayed in graphs?
Chapter The Study of Life 1 Chapter Assessment Questions Answer: Graphs help show patterns in the data and make it easier to understand.
Chapter The Study of Life 1 Standardized Test Practice Which biological science was Jane Goodall studying when she observed chimpanzees? A. ecology B. genetics C. animal behavior D. biotechnology 1. 2. 3. 4. A B C D
Chapter The Study of Life 1 Standardized Test Practice In which activity would an environmental biologist most likely be involved? A. genetically engineering plants B. finding ways to protect species C. preventing the spread of disease D. developing new medicines and vaccines 1. 2. 3. 4. A B C D
Chapter The Study of Life 1 Standardized Test Practice Which is an indication that an idea is based on pseudoscience? A. It brings up more questions. B. It causes disagreement and debate. C. It does not welcome scientific investigation. D. It does not receive acceptance by scientists. 1. 2. 3. 4. A B C D
Chapter The Study of Life 1 Standardized Test Practice Scientists use laboratory rats to test the effects of a new drug, Razatrin. What do rats in the control group receive? A. food containing Razatrin B. food without Razatrin C. food containing another drug D. food containing a variety of drugs 1. 2. 3. 4. A B C D
Chapter The Study of Life 1 Standardized Test Practice Which is the dependent variable in this experiment? A. mass B. number of days 1. 2. A B
Chapter The Study of Life 1 Vocabulary – give a brief description of the following terms biology organism organization growth development reproduction species stimulus response homeostasis adaptation
Chapter The Study of Life 1 Vocabulary – give a brief description of the following terms science theory peer review metric system SI forensics ethics
Chapter The Study of Life 1 Vocabulary – give a brief description of the following terms observation inference scientific method hypothesis experiment control group experimental group independent variable constant data
Vocabulary Review Chapter 1
The science of life Biology
The production of offspring that does not involve the union of gametes Asexual reproduction
An organism that uses energy to synthesize organic molecules from inorganic substances Autotroph
Tiny structures that carry out functions necessary for the cell to stay alive Organelles
Major subdivisions of all organisms Domains
High degree of order within an organism’s internal and external parts and its interactions with the living world Organization
Made up of one cell Unicellular
Made up of more than one cell Multicellular
Structures that carry out specialized jobs within an organ system Organs
Smallest unit that can perform all life’s processes Cell
Segment of DNA that contains coding for a polypeptide or protein; a unit of hereditary information Gene
An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products Heterotroph
The stable internal conditions of a living thing Homeostasis
A double-helixshaped nucleic acid DNA
The sum of all chemical processes in living things Metabolism
Groups of cells that have similar abilities and that allow the organ to function Tissue
The production of new offspring Reproduction
Formation of two new cells from an existing cell Cell division
Process by which an organism becomes a mature adult Development
One of six major categories in Taxonomy Kingdom
Brand of biology that studies organisms interacting with each other and with the environment Ecology
Communities of living species and their physical environments Ecosystem
Process in which the inherited characteristics within populations change over generations Evolution
Organisms that have certain favorable traits are better able to survive and reproduce successfully than organisms that lack these traits Natural Selection
Traits that improve an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce Adaptations
The act of perceiving a natural occurrence that causes someone to pose a question Observation
Proposed explanation for the way a particular aspect of the natural world functions Hypothesis
Organized approach to learn how the natural world works Scientific Method
Used to test a hypothesis and its prediction Experiment
Provides a normal standard against which the biologist can compare results of the experimental group Control Group
Identical to the control group except for one factor Experimental Group
“responding variable”; affected by the independent variable Dependent Variable
“manipulated variable”; experimenter changes this variable Independent variable
A highly tested, generally accepted principle that explains a vast number of observations and experimental data Theory
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