Chapter 1 Research Strategies How Psychologists Ask and
- Slides: 16
Chapter 1 Research Strategies: How Psychologists Ask and Answer Questions
Description Psychologists describe behavior using case studies, surveys, and naturalistic observation
Description Case Study § observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principals Is language uniquely human?
Description § Survey § technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people § usually by questioning a representative, random sample of people § False Consensus Effect § tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors
Description § Population § all the cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study § Random Sample § a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
Description
Description § If marbles of two colors are mixed well in the large jar, the fastest way to know their ratio is to blindly transfer a few into a smaller one and count them
Description § Naturalistic Observation § observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation
Correlation § Correlation Coefficient § a statistical measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus how well either factor predicts the other Indicates direction of relationship (positive or negative) Correlation coefficient r = +. 37 Indicates strength of relationship (0. 00 to 1. 00)
Correlation § Scatterplot § a graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables § the slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship § the amount of scatter suggests the strength of the correlation § little scatter indicates high correlation § also called a scattergram or scatter diagram
Correlation Perfect positive correlation (+1. 00) No relationship (0. 00) Perfect negative correlation (-1. 00) Scatterplots, showing patterns of correlations
Correlation Height and Temperament of 20 Men Height in Subject Inches Temperament 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 80 63 61 79 74 69 62 75 77 60 75 66 60 90 60 42 42 60 81 39 Height in Subject Inches Temperament 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 64 76 71 66 73 70 63 71 68 70 48 69 72 57 63 75 30 57 84 39
Correlation 95 Temperament 90 scores 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 55 60 65 70 Height in inches 75 80 Scatterplot of Height and Temperament 85
Correlation Three Possible Cause-Effect Relationships (1) Low self-esteem could cause Depression or (2) Depression could cause Low self-esteem or (3) Distressing events or biological predisposition Low self-esteem could cause and Depression
Illusory Correlation § the perception of a relationship where none exists Conceive Adopt Do not adopt Do not conceive confirming evidence disconfirming evidence
Two Random Sequences § Your chances of being dealt either of these hands is precisely the same: 1 in 2, 598, 960.
Students from a journalism class ask only
Qus qus food
Pendleton's feedback model
Where do most psychologists work
If psychologists discovered that wealthy
History of criminal psychology
Where do most psychologists work
California association of school psychologists
What 3 issues have engaged developmental psychologists
Was caused by breathing impure air was once a common belief
Motivation psychology definition
16 source traits
Guidelines for psychologists working with animals
Trainers of school psychologists
Psychologists have long been
Famous forensic psychologists
German psychologists
