Chapter 1 North America Before Columbus I North

Chapter 1 North America Before Columbus

I- North American Migration • A. Mankind as we know it began in Africa. From Africa mankind began to migrate across the world 1. Migrate- to pass from one region or climate to another.

• B. Tribes who followed migrating animals (food) were Nomadic. • 1. Nomadic- moving from place to place instead of living in permanent villages. • 2. Nomads were usually following migrating animal herds that made up their primary food source.

• C. Ice Age Bridge. • 1. 30, 000 to 10, 000 BC. An ice age created a crossable bridge between the continents of Asia and North America. • 2. This bridge was located in the BERING STRAIT.

• 3. This frozen region was called BERINGIA. • 4. Tribes living in Asia followed migrating herds across the bridge and down into north America. When the oceans rose again after the ice retreated, the Nomads were stuck here.

II-Native American Adaptation • A. North America has a wide variety of environments

1. Arctic

2. Desert

3. Great Plains

4. Wetlands

5. Woodlands (forests)

• B. Tribes of Native Americans settled across all of North America and adapted to their new environments • 1. Adapt- to adjust or modify to different conditions or environments.

• 2. The native societies developed depending on the arearegion they settled in • 3. The region determined building materials, food sources, clothing, and culture

C. Inuit Natives • 1. These natives live in and around the Arctic circle. • 2. They use snow and ice as building materials. • 3. They also use animal fat (whale blubber) as a fuel source.

D. Great Plains Natives • 1. Remained nomads following the great buffalo herds that roamed the middle of America • 2. Lived in teepee’s made of buffalo hides • 3. An entire village could be packed up and ready to move in 2 hours

A Buffalo Herd

Teepee Construction

Pueblo Tribes

Muskogean Tribe

E. Algonquian • 1. Settled in the Northeast of North America (where we live today. ) • 2. Hunted deer and other forest game. • 3. Used wood for shelter materials • 4. Spent their summers at the Jersey Shore