Chapter 1 Native Americans European Expansion and Exploration

Chapter 1 Native Americans, European Expansion, and Exploration 1

Colonization of America v Spain § (16 -1700 s) Spain dominated Central & South America and the SE & SW regions of North America § The King of Spain sent viceroys to strictly govern the colonies § The economy was based on mining gold & silver and Haciendas (plantations) using the Encomienda system to farm cash crops § Colonists could not vote & had few freedoms, colonial society was strictly controlled Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning 2

Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning 3

Colonization of America v France § In the 1600 s, Samuel de Champlain failed to find a NW passage through Canada but created the colony of Quebec § France claimed land from Canada to New Orleans & controlled territory along the Mississippi River § Like Spain, the French focused on wealth and converting the NA’s to Catholicism § Most French colonists profited from the fur trade, small-scale farming, or lumbering Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning 4

Colonization of America v Dutch § The colony in present-day New York City was called New Amsterdam and became New Netherland § It was created by private investors of a joint-stock company who hoped to profit from trade in America § To attract settlers, anyone, regardless of religion or nation, could immigrate & was granted political freedom Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning 5

Colonization of America v British § settled in America through jointstock companies of private investors § British colonists came to America for a wide variety of reasons: ü to escape poverty, gain wealth, or gain land ü Enclosure system ü for religious freedom & to flee religious persecution ü To escape violence during the English Civil War § As a result, the British colonies were very different from each other & were never very unified Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning 6

Colonization of America v British § salutary neglect allowed colonists to create local laws & taxes in colonial assemblies § Royal Governors had little real power § Unlike the Spanish & French, British colonists never tried hard to convert, marry, or trade with local Indians, although conflicts over land were common § The societies & economies of the British colonies were dependent upon the reasons people settled Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning 7

Colonization of America v Activity § Explain which European nation seemed to have the best chance at eventually controlling what is now the United States in the 1600 s? Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning 8