Chapter 1 Living Things Grow and Change Living

Chapter 1 Living Things Grow and Change

Living Things and Their Needs • Living things grow, respond, and reproduce v. Reproduce – make more of one’s own kind. • Living things are called organisms. • Living things need food, water, gases, and space. • Living things get what they need from the environment. v. Environment – all the living and nonliving things that surround an organism. • Living things are made of many small parts called cells. v. Cells – the building blocks of life.

Living and Nonliving Living Things Nonliving Things

Plant Life Cycles • Seed – a structure that can grow into a new plant. • Embryo – the young plant that is just beginning to grow. Step 1: A seed is planted in the soil. Step 2: The seed germinates. Roots start growing down into the soil. Step 3: The roots grow longer, and a stem pushes up out of the ground. Step 4: The plant grows leaves. It starts to make its own food. Step 5: The plant grows into an adult. It can reproduce and make new seeds.

Plant Life Cycles • Flower (Cone) – the plant structure that makes seeds. • Pollination – the movement of pollen from the male part of the flower to the female part. • Fruit – a structure that holds seeds. • Life Cycle – the stages in an organisms life.

Life Cycle • When a seed is planted it germinates (begins to grow) • The seed grows into a small plant called a seedling • The seedling grows into an adult plant which reproduces by making new seeds • The new seeds travel to the soil to start the process again • Flowering Plants – make seeds inside of flowers. – Example: Cherry Tree • Conifers – make seeds inside of cones. – Example: Pine Tree

Parts of a Plant Flower leaves Stem Roots

Basic Animal Life Cycle • • • An animal is born It grows It reproduces as an adult In time it dies Body breaks down and becomes part of the soil

Animal Life Cycles • Different animals change in different ways. – Some are born looking like their parents and others are not. – The way an animal changes with age is part of its life cycle.

Amphibians and Most Insects • Go through a metamorphosis –A series of changes in which an organism’s body changes forms. • Life Cycle begins as an egg

Reptiles, Fish, and Birds • Most lay eggs • Animal grows inside the egg • When it hatches it looks like the adults • Grows into an adult and reproduces

Mammals • Born live • Look much like parents from the start • Grow into an adult and reproduce

Food Chains • Food chain – shows how energy passes from one organism to another. – Producer – organism that makes its own food. » First in a food chain » Example – green plants & algae – Consumer – organism that eats other organisms. » All animals » One food chain may have many – Decomposer – an animal that breaks down dead plant and animal material. (FBI) » Fungus, bacteria, and invertebrate

Food Web • Several connecting food chains • Herbivores – organisms that eat mostly plants • Carnivores – organisms that eat mostly other animals • Omnivores – organisms that eat both plants and animals

Habitats • Habitat – the type of environment a living thing needs in order to survive • Climate – the pattern of weather in a place over a long time • There are many different kinds of habitats

Structures • Plants and animals have structures that help them get the things they need from their environment – Structure – a part of a living thing • Plants – roots, stems, leaves, etc. • Animals – legs, wings, beaks, etc.

Adaptations • Organisms must live in a habitat that provides their needs. • Adaptations help living things survive in an environment – Adaptation – a special feature or behavior that helps a living thing survive.