Chapter 1 Lesson 1 Basic Word Structure Epiic
Chapter 1 Lesson 1 Basic Word Structure Epi-ic -logy -itis -gram -logy hypoenter gastro electr hemat combining form combining vowel prefix root suffix aden/o bi/o cardi/o cerebr/o crin/o cyt/o dermat/o encephal/o arthr/o carcin/o cephal/o cis/o cyst/o derm/o electr/o Journal Question: Why is it important to be able to break down medical terms into component parts? Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1
Chapter Goals Identify basic objectives to guide your study of the medical language. Divide medical words into their component parts. Learn the meanings of basic combining forms, prefixes, and suffixes of the medical language. Use these combining forms, prefixes, and suffixes to build medical words. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2
QUICK QUIZ: 1. All medical terms have: A. A combining vowel B. Two roots C. A suffix D. A prefix Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 3
QUICK QUIZ: 1. All medical terms have: A. A combining vowel B. Two roots C. A suffix D. A prefix Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 4
QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d) 2. Which element appears at the beginning of a medical term? A. B. C. D. Suffix Prefix Combining vowel Combining form Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 5
QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d) 2. Which element appears at the beginning of a medical term? A. B. C. D. Suffix Prefix Combining vowel Combining form Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 6
Word Analysis HEMAT/O/LOGY Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 7
Word Analysis (cont’d) HEMAT/O/LOGY root suffix combining vowel hemat means blood -logy means process of study Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 8
Word Analysis (cont’d) Important elements: Root: foundation of the term Ø Suffix: word ending Ø Prefix: word beginning Ø Combining vowel: vowel (usually o) that links the root to the suffix or the root to another root and aids pronunciation Ø Combining form: combination of the root and the combining vowel Ø Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 9
Word Analysis (cont’d) ELECTR/O/CARDI/O/GRAM Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10
Word Analysis (cont’d) ELECTR/O/CARDI/O/GRAM root suffix combining vowels electr means electricity cardi means heart -gram means record Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 11
Word Analysis (cont’d) GASTR/ITIS Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 12
Word Analysis (cont’d) GASTR/ITIS root suffix gastr means stomach -itis means inflammation Note: Drop combining vowel when suffix starts with a vowel (as in “itis”) Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 13
Word Analysis (cont’d) GASTR/O/ENTER/O/LOGY Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 14
Word Analysis (cont’d) GASTR/O/ENTER/O/LOGY root suffix combining vowels gastr means enter means -logy means stomach intestines process of study Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 15
Word Analysis (cont’d) THREE General Rules: Read the meaning of medical terms from the suffix back to the beginning of the term and across 2. Drop the combining vowel (usually o) before a suffix beginning with a vowel: gastritis not “gastroitis” 3. Keep the combining vowel between two roots: gastroenterology not “gastrenterology” 1. When a term contains two or more roots related to parts of the body, what often determines which root is listed first? (anatomical position) Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 16
Word Analysis (cont’d) HYPO/GASTR/IC Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 17
Word Analysis (cont’d) HYPO/GASTR/IC prefix hypogastr -ic root means suffix below stomach pertaining to Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 18
Word Analysis (cont’d) EPI/GASTR/IC Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 19
Word Analysis (cont’d) EPI/GASTR/IC prefix root epigastr -ic means suffix above stomach pertaining to Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 20
Combining Forms Combining Form Meaning aden/o _____ arthr/o _____ bi/o _____ carcin/o _____ cardi/o _____ Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 21
Combining Forms (cont’d) Combining Form Meaning aden/o gland arthr/o joint bi/o life carcin/o cancerous, cancer cardi/o heart Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 22
QUICK QUIZ: 3. Which term means inflammation of the gland? A. arthritis B. adenitis C. adenoma D. cephalic Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 23
QUICK QUIZ: 3. Which term means inflammation of the gland? A. arthritis B. adenitis C. adenoma D. cephalic Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 24
Combining Forms Combining Form Meaning cephal/o _____ cerebr/o _____ cis/o _____ crin/o _____ cyst/o _____ Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 25
Combining Forms (cont’d) Combining Form Meaning cephal/o head cerebr/o cerebrum cis/o to cut crin/o to secrete cyst/o urinary bladder Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 26
Combining Forms (cont’d) Combining Form Meaning cyt/o _____ derm/o or dermat/o _____ electr/o _____ encephal/o _____ enter/o _____ Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 27
Combining Forms (cont’d) Combining Form Meaning cyt/o cell derm/o or dermat/o skin electr/o electricity encephal/o brain enter/o intestines Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 28
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