Chapter 1 Learning About You Section 1 1

Chapter 1 Learning About You

Section 1 -1 Looking at Yourself

Objectives • Define traits, personality, heredity, environment, self-concept, self-esteem, and self-confidence. • Describe how traits identify a person. • Explain how you can change your physical traits and personality. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Personality • Your traits influence your feelings and actions and make you unique. – Start developing early in life – Continue developing throughout life • Your personality reveals who you are. continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Personality • Includes – the way you look, think, and behave • Influences – how you get along with people – what others think of you © CREATISTA/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Think Further Ø What words would you use to describe your personality? Creative Cheerful Funny Caring Talented Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Heredity and Environment • There are two factors that affect personality: – heredity – environment • Heredity includes traits received from your parents or ancestors. • Environment is your surroundings and the people in your life. continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Heredity and Environment • Heredity influences physical traits such as – height and body build – hair, eye, and skin color • These traits are inherited from your parents or ancestors. © Elena Elisseeva/Shutterstock. com continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Did You Know? • Each cell in your body contains genes, which determine your traits. • You receive your genes from your parents and ancestors. – For example, if your parents have blue eyes, you are more likely to have them, too. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Heredity and Environment • Environment includes – your surroundings • home, neighborhood, and school – the people in your life • family, friends, neighbors, and teachers • Your environment influences your development. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Self-Concept • Your self-concept is how you think and feel about yourself. • Other people’s feelings about you influence your self-concept: – parents – friends Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Think Further Ø How do you feel about yourself when your parents are proud of you? © bikerlondon/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Self-Esteem • Self-esteem is how you feel about your own self -concept. • Having a healthy self-esteem is feeling good about – yourself – your accomplishments Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Self-Confidence • Self-confidence is the feeling of being sure of yourself and your abilities. Positive selfconcept Healthy selfesteem Selfconfidence continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Self-Confidence • Having self-confidence means you – believe in yourself and your abilities – can deal with new people and situations in positive ways – feel your actions are worthwhile Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

How You Can Change • Decide how you feel about yourself before making any changes. Who Am I? Do you like the person you are? Are you happy with your appearance? Are you doing activities you enjoy? Do you talk a lot, or are you quiet much of the time? Do you enjoy being with other people? Are you comfortable spending time alone? continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

How You Can Change • Making changes is not easy, but it is possible. • The following tips may help: – Develop a plan. – Get advice from a trusted adult. – Remember that changes take time. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Think Further Ø Is there anything you want to change about yourself? © Jan H. Andersen/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Section 1 -1 Review 1. What two factors affect your personality? – heredity and environment 2. List three physical traits. – (List three: ) height; body build; eye, hair, and skin color continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Section 1 -1 Review 3. Define self-concept and self-esteem. – Self-concept is the way you see yourself; selfesteem is how you feel about your self-concept. 4. Having a positive self-concept and healthy self-esteem creates _____. – self-confidence Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Section 1 -2 Changing and Growing

Objectives • Define growth, development, accept, developmental tasks, independence, adolescence, character, and responsibility. • Give examples of ways people continually grow and develop. • Explain how adolescence prepares you to become an adult. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Your Growth and Development • Growth refers to changes in your body that can be measured. • Development includes changes related to age: – orderly – directional (moving toward greater complexity) continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Your Growth and Development • There are four major types of development: – Physical • involves body changes – Intellectual • refers to learning © swissmacky/Shutterstock. com continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Your Growth and Development – Social • includes forming friendships and getting along with others – Emotional • involves feelings and the ability to recognize, respect, and accept them © Elena Elisseeva/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Stages of Growth and Development • There are three main stages in a normal life span: – childhood – adolescence – adulthood • Growth occurs during each life stage. • Abilities increase as a person’s body grows. continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Stages of Growth and Development • Developmental tasks are skills or behavior patterns that most people achieve at certain stages. – Goals of growth • Achieve tasks in one stage to more easily reach goals of the next stage. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Childhood • Childhood is the period between birth and adolescence. • Much growth and development occurs. • Skills learned lead to greater independence. © Flashon Studio/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Adolescence • Adolescence is the period between childhood and adulthood. • It begins when a person’s body – starts to develop into an adult size and shape – becomes capable of reproductive abilities (puberty) continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Adolescence • Many changes occur. Adolescents – become more self-aware – try to better understand themselves – think more about the direction of their lives – have more intense feelings toward families and friends – develop strong interests • join volunteer programs, clubs, sports, etc. continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Adolescence • Adolescents develop character, or the traits that guide a person in deciding right from wrong. • Beliefs about what is important help form your character. • Ethics, or the strong beliefs about right and wrong, guide your conduct. continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Think Further Ø How would you answer these questions? Your Character and Ethics Are you trustworthy? Do you assume responsibility? Do you show respect? Do you act with fairness? Are you a caring person? Do you practice good citizenship? Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Adolescence • Adolescents seek to become more independent from adults. • An important goal of adolescence is fulfilling responsibilities. – A responsibility is a task you are expected or trusted to do. © Tanya Little/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Developmental Needs of Young Adolescents • Early adolescence refers to the ages between 11 and 14. – Many new feelings occur. • To help meet your needs, get help from your – parents – teachers continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Developmental Needs of Young Adolescents Basic Needs of Young Adolescents To understand yourself. To have many different experiences. To have meaningful relationships. To have positive relationships with peers. To be successful. To become physically fit and healthy. To have opportunities for physical activity. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Adulthood • Adulthood is the period that follows adolescence. • During this time, adults have – greater independence – goals that may include finding a career, getting married, and starting a family – Striving to reach these goals adds purpose and meaning to adults’ lives. continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Adulthood • During adulthood, people need to – feel useful and stay active – develop interests to pursue after retirement © iofoto/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Section 1 -2 Review 1. What are the four areas of growth and development? – physical, intellectual, social, and emotional 2. What are three main stages of growth and development? – childhood, adolescence, and adulthood continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Section 1 -2 Review 3. Your _____ is made up of the traits that guide you in deciding right from wrong. – character 4. The ages between 11 and 14 are sometimes called _____. (two words) – early adolescence Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Section 1 -3 You and Your Family

Objectives • Define relationship, socialization, culture, family, generation, family type, role, siblings, affection, and respect. • Explain why the relationship between children and parents is important. • Give examples of how brothers and sisters can learn to get along with one another. • Describe how people can stay active and independent as they grow older. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Family Relationships • The relationship you have with each family member is important. • Family members – have the greatest effect on you – help meet your needs – teach you proper behavior, which is a part of socialization – help you learn the customs of your culture Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

The Family • A family is a group of people related to each other by blood, marriage, or adoption. – May include a mother, father, and children • Other relatives and children who are not related can also be part of the family group that lives together. continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

The Family • Family members make up different generations: – brothers and sisters – parents, aunts, and uncles – grandparents © Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Family Types • Family type refers to the makeup of a family. Nuclear family Singleparent family Stepfamily Extended family Foster family Adoptive family Childless family Guardian continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Family Types • A nuclear family includes a married couple and their children by birth. • A single-parent family consists of an adult with at least one child. – The parent may be separated, divorced, widowed, or never married. continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Did You Know? • A mother and her biological children are the most common type of single-parent family. © Tom Wang/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Family Types • A stepfamily, or blended family, occurs when a single parent marries. – Both the father and mother may have children from previous marriages. • An extended family includes relatives of several generations living together. © wavebreakmedia/Shutterstock. com continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Family Types • A foster family temporarily takes care of nonrelated children. • An adoptive family is legally granted responsibility to raise another person’s child as their own. • A childless family is a couple without children. continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Family Types • A guardian takes responsibility for a child if the parents are unable to provide care. – May be chosen by the family – Is often someone close to the family – Must be legally appointed by a state court Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Your Roles • A role is your place in a group. • Your roles may include – son or daughter – brother or sister – grandchild – friend – student © Andy Dean Photography/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Parents • Children have special relationships with their parents. • Parents are responsible for the care and development of their children. • Parents and teens may not always agree. • Good communication is important to help settle disagreements and make the relationship stronger. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Brothers and Sisters • Siblings share the responsibility of getting along. Siblings – sometimes disagree, but should learn how to settle differences – can work toward developing kind, caring relationships – show affection in many ways Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

The Older Generation • Need love and respect of other family members • Have many interests and hobbies outside the family • Want to care for themselves as much as possible © bikeriderlondon/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Section 1 -3 Review 1. Teaching the ways and customs of a culture to others is called _____. – socialization 2. List three family types. – (List three: ) nuclear, single parent, stepfamily, extended, foster, adoptive, childless, guardian continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Section 1 -3 Review 3. What are your roles within your family? – (roles may include: ) son or daughter, stepdaughter or stepson, brother or sister, grandchild, niece or nephew, aunt or uncle 4. A high or special regard for someone is called _____. – respect Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Section 1 -4 Friends

Objectives • Define friend, trust, share, peers, peer pressure, reputation, and group dating. • Explain what it means to be a good friend. • Describe how your peers influence you. • Recognize why your family cares about the friends you choose. • Give examples of how you can help your family and friends get to know one another. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Friends • A friend is someone you care about, trust, and respect. © michaeljung/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Being a Friend • Friends – share thoughts, ideas, and dreams – spend time together – respect and understand each other – help each other when needed – trust each other to keep secrets (unless the secret involves a danger or health risk) Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Making Friends • You may meet new friends through – school and social events – other friends • Tips for meeting new people include – introducing yourself – being open and friendly – getting to know them before forming an opinion Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Peers • Your peers include – people in your class – close friends – other people in your age group • Peer pressure is the influence people’s peers have on them. It can be – negative – positive Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Think Further Ø What can you do to improve the way you deal with negative peer pressure? © Martin Novak/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Families and Friends • Introduce friends to your family so they can get to know one another. • Maintain good communication with your family. • Conflicts may arise from choices of friends. • Respect one another’s opinions. • Choose friends with a good reputation. continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Families and Friends • Friendships may lead to dating experiences: – group dating – casual dating © otnaydur/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Ending a Friendship • Sometimes, friendships come to an end. • Friendships may end because of – changing interests – having an argument – moving away • Ending a friendship in person – allows both parties to talk about their feelings – is more personal than sending a written message Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Section 1 -4 Review 1. When you _____ someone, you believe he or she is honest and reliable. – trust 2. The influence people’s peers have on them is called _____. (two words) – peer pressure continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Section 1 -4 Review 3. Define reputation. – what others think of a person 4. Give an example of a reason that can cause a friendship to end. – changing interests, having an argument, moving away Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Section 1 -5 Communicating with Others

Objectives • Define communication, verbal communication, nonverbal communication, active listening, feedback, and bully. • State how you can develop effective communication skills. • Explain the importance of using feedback when communicating. • Describe healthy communication among individuals. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Communication • Communication is sending or receiving information, signals, or messages. • Developing good communication skills will help you – resolve conflicts better – communicate in healthy ways – listen and speak effectively Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

How You Communicate • Verbal communication – written or spoken words • Nonverbal communication – body language • gestures or facial expressions – appearance • choice of clothing Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Think Further Ø How do a person’s clothing choices communicate nonverbally? © pjcross/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Communicating Effectively • Effective communication includes – speaking and writing clearly – focusing on what is being said – giving feedback • letting the speaker know you understand • Active listening is focusing on what is said and providing feedback. continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Communicating Effectively Tips for Speaking Clearly Keep your comments brief Pronounce words carefully Think before you speak Use I-messages continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Communicating Effectively • To write clearly, – practice your handwriting skills – use correct grammar and spelling – think about what you are going to write before you begin – have someone check what you have written to make sure it is understandable continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Communicating Effectively • To listen actively and provide feedback, – pay attention to the speaker – let the speaker know you are listening – ask questions if something is unclear – repeat what you think the speaker said Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Positive Behavior • Communicate you care about yourself and others: – Be polite. – Have a positive self-concept. – Behave in a positive manner. – Use good manners. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Healthy Communication • Having effective communication skills helps you with your – daily life – career – self-esteem – self-confidence © Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock. com continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Healthy Communication • Healthy communication means you – express your feelings in positive ways – let others know you care about them • You can express fondness for others by – telling them – writing personal notes or letters – painting a picture – smiling continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Did You Know? • A person’s smile often communicates happiness or friendliness in cultures around the world. © Galina Barskaya/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Healthy Communication • Unhealthy communication occurs when you – do not listen – are hurtful – act like a bully • A bully is a person who uses strength or power to persuade or pressure others (using force or fear) to do something. continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Healthy Communication • Bullying can be the use of – written, verbal, or electronic expressions – physical acts or gestures • If you experience bullying, talk to a parent or teacher. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Think Further Ø If you see someone being bullied, what can you do to help? © MANDY GODBEHEAR/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Section 1 -5 Review 1. Define the term communication. – sending or receiving information, signals, or messages 2. What does nonverbal communication mean? Give an example. – the sending and receiving of messages without the use of words; body language, appearance continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Section 1 -5 Review 3. What does active listening mean? – being focused on what is said and providing feedback 4. A person who uses strength or power to persuade or pressure others (using force or fear) to do something is called a(n) _____. – bully Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Section 1 -6 Strengthening Families

Objectives • Define challenge, crisis, unity, solution, family council, conflict resolution, mediator, compromise, family counseling agency, shelter, hotline, and support group. • List some challenges of families. • Describe how challenges affect family members differently. continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Objectives • Explain the conflict resolution process. • Apply communication skills in finding solutions to disagreements. • Identify sources of help for family challenges. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Family Challenges • A family challenge can be small or large: – arguments – illness – death – job loss – drug or alcohol abuse • A crisis affects the functioning of a family in negative or positive ways. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Different Points of View • Difficult situations at home affect children, young adults, and adults differently. © threerocksimages/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Addressing Challenges • Families should work together: – Address challenges in unity. – Find an agreeable solution to the challenge. • A family council may be helpful when a challenge is difficult. – Allows each family member to express his or her point of view Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Conflict Resolution • A conflict can occur between family members or friends. • Conflict resolution is the process of finding a solution to a disagreement. • Anger management is controlling your anger. • To resolve conflicts, – use good communication skills – seek help from a mediator – try a compromise Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Seeking Help • Abuse, the intentional infliction of harm on another person, is one type of crisis. • Physical abuse is causing physical harm to another person. • Emotional abuse occurs when one person undermines another person’s sense of worth. – Verbal abuse is using words to hurt another person. continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Seeking Help • Resources for help include – family counseling agency – shelter – hotline – support group Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Think Further Ø What organizations in your community provide help to families dealing with challenges? © Rob Marmion/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Section 1 -6 Review 1. A(n) _____ is a demanding or difficult task or situation that can be a source of distress. – challenge 2. What is the process of finding a solution to a disagreement called? – conflict resolution continued Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Section 1 -6 Review 3. An agreement in which both sides are willing to give up a little of what they wanted is called a(n) _____. – compromise 4. Give an example of a community resource. – Examples may include family counseling agencies, shelters, hotlines, support groups Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.