Chapter 1 Introduction to the Structural Units 2014

Chapter 1 Introduction to the Structural Units © 2014 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Anatomy and Physiology • Anatomy – Shape and structure of an organism’s body and the relationship of one body part to another • Physiology – Function of each body part and how the functions of various body parts coordinate to form a complete living organism © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Branches of Anatomy • • • Gross anatomy Microscopic anatomy Developmental anatomy Comparative anatomy Systematic anatomy © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Terms for Location or Position and Direction • Anterior or ventral – Front or in front of • Posterior or dorsal – Back or in back of • Cephalic and caudal – Toward the “head end” or “tail end” • Superior and inferior – Above or below another © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Terms for Location or Position and Direction © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Terms for Location or Position and Direction • Medial and lateral – Toward or away from the midline • Proximal and distal – Toward or away from the point of attachment or origin • Superficial/external and internal – On or near the surface or deep inside © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Terms for Location or Position and Direction © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Body Planes and Sections • Sagittal plane – Right and left parts • Midsagittal plane – Equal right and left parts • Coronal (frontal) plane – Vertical at right angles to the sagittal plane • Transverse or cross section – Horizontal; divides body into upper and lower parts © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Body Planes and Sections © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Body Cavities • Dorsal cavity – Brain and spinal cord – Cranial cavity – Spinal cavity • Thoracic cavity • Abdominopelvic cavity – Abdominal cavity – Pelvic cavity © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Body Cavities © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions • Epigastric region (upper) – Just below sternum • Right and left hypochondriac – Just below ribs • Umbilical (middle) – Located around the navel © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions • Right and left lumbar – Extend from anterior to posterior • Hypogastric (lower) – Pubic area • Right and left iliac – Also called right and left inguinal areas © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Smaller Cavities • Orbital cavity – Eyes, eyeball muscles, optic nerves, and lacrimal (tear) ducts • Nasal cavity – Parts that form the nose • Buccal cavity – Teeth and tongue © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Life Functions • Living organisms may be one-celled organisms or multi-celled organisms. They include humans, plants, animals, etc. • All living organisms are capable of carrying on life functions. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Life Functions • These functions allow living organisms to live, grow, and maintain themselves. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Life Functions • Movement – Muscle system • Ingestion – Digestive system • Digestion – Digestive system © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Life Functions • Transport – Circulatory system • Respiration – Respiratory system • Synthesis – Digestive system © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Life Functions • Assimilation – Digestive system • Growth – Skeletal system • Secretion – Endocrine system © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Life Functions • Excretion – Urinary system • Regulation (sensitivity) – Nervous system • Reproduction – Reproductive system © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Human Development • • Cells Tissues Organ system © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Body Processes • Metabolism – Functional activities of the cell that result in growth, repair, energy release, use of food, and secretions • Anabolism – Building up • Catabolism – Breaking down © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Homeostasis • Ability of the body to regulate its internal environment within narrow limits • Essential to survival • Works on a negative feedback system © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Metric System • Measurements for length, weight, and volume • A decimal system • Based on the power of ten • Uses prefixes such as centi-, milli-, and micro- © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Metric System • Lengths measured in meters • Weights measured in grams • Volumes measured in liters © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.